Protein oksidasyonunun ana mekanizmaları

Proteinlerin reaktif türevler tarafından oksidatif modifikasyonu bir dizi bozukluğun ve hastalığın etyolojisi veya ilerlemesinde rol oynar. Yazımızda protein oksidasyonunun temel mekanizmalarını özetlemeye çalıştık. Proteinlerin oksidasyonu aromatik amino asit bakiyelerinin nitratlaşmasına, tiyol gruplarının oksidasyonuna, ileri oksidasyon protein ürünlerinin oluşmasına ve bazı amino asit bakiyelerinin karbonil türevlerine dönüşümüne yol açar. Oksidasyon aynı zamanda polipeptit zincirinin yarılmasına ve çapraz bağlı protein agregatlarının oluşumuna yol açabilir. Ayrıca, proteinlerdeki fonksiyonel gruplar poliansatüre yağ asitlerinin oksidasyon ürünleri ve glikasyon/glikooksidasyon reaksiyonları sonucu oluşan karbonhidrat türevler ile reaksiyona girerek inaktif türevleri oluştururlar. Proteinlerin konformasyonel değişimi; agregasyon ve parçalanmadaki artışı yanı sıra sekonder ve tersiyer yapının bozulmasında da artışa yol açarak proteinlerin proteolize yatkınlığına ve normal fonksiyonlarında azalmaya yol açar.

Basic mechanisms of protein oxidation

Background.- The oxidative modification of proteins by reactive species is implicated in the etiology or progression of a panoply of disorders and diseases. We summarize here the basic mechanisms of protein oxidation. Oxidation of proteins can lead to nitration of aromatic amino acid residues, oxidation of thiol groups, advanced oxidation protein products formation, and conversion of some amino acid residues to carbonyl derivatives. Oxidation can lead also to cleavage of polypeptide chain and to formation of cross-linked protein aggregates. Furthermore, functional groups of proteins can react with oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and with carbohydrate derivatives (glycation/glycoxidation) to produce inactive derivatives. Alterations in protein conformations can lead to increased aggregation, fragmentation, distortion of secondary and tertiary structure, susceptibility to proteolysis, and diminution of normal function.

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