Photocatalytic Treatment of Baker's Yeast Effluent Using UV Light and TiO2/ZnO Composite

Baker's yeast effluent is a major source of pollution with high organic load and dark colour. The aim of this study was to examine the photocatalytic degradation of baker's yeast effluent. Wastewater used in this study was a real wastewater. An ultraviolet (UV) lamp with 254nm wavelength was used as a source of UV irradiation, TiO2/ZnO composite was used as a catalyst. The effect of the calcination temperature, calcination time, the catalyst amount on decolorization and removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of baker's yeast effluent were investigated. According to the results, the prepared composite TiO2/ZnO with 4:1 molar ratio, treated at 700°C for 60min gave a better result and the maximum decolorization was 35.89% at a catalyst amount of 0.2g/l. COD removal was 14% without catalyst. By using photocatalysis COD removal at the end of the 60min reaction time was 4.85% and 8.94% with 0.15g/l and 0.1g/l catalyst loading respectively.

PDF

___

[1] Bernardo, E. C.; Egashira, R.; Kawasaki,J. Decolorization of molasses wastewater using activated carbon prepared from cane bagasse. Carbon. 1997; 35, 1217-1221.
[2] Liang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, H.; Wu, Z. Variables affecting melanoidins removal from molasses wastewater by coagulation/flocculation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2009;, 68, 382-389.
[3] Liang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, H. Coagulation removal of melanoidins from biologically treated molasses wastewater using ferric chloride. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009; 152, 88-94.
[4] Chandra, R.; Bharagava, R.N.; Rai, V. Melanoidins as major colorant in sugarcane molasses based distillery effluent and its degradation. Bioresource Technology. 2008; 99, 4648-4660.
[5] Arslan, I.; Akmehmet Balcıoglu, I.; Bahnemann, D.W. Advanced chemical oxidation of reactive dyes in simulated dye house effluents by ferrioxalate-Fenton/UV-A and TiO2/UV-A processes. Dyes and Pigments. 2000; 47, 207-218.
[6] Dükkancı, M.; Vinatoru, M.; Mason, T.M. The sonochemical decolorization of textile azo dye Orange II: Effects of Fenton type reagents and UV light. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2014; 21, 846-853.
[7] Lee, S.; Park, S. TiO2 photocatalyst for water treatment applications. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2013; 19, 1761-1769.
[8] Modirshahla, N.; Hassani, A.; Behnajady, M.A.; Rahbarfam, R. Effect of operational parameters on decolorization of Acid Yellow 23 from wastewater by UV irradiation using ZnO and ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts. Desalination. 2011; 271, 187-192.
[9] Jain, R.; Shrivastava, S.M. Photocatalytic removal of hazardous dye cyanosine from industrial waste using titanium dioxide. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008; 152, 216-220.
[10] Chatzisymeon, E.; Stypas, E.; Bousios, S.; Xekoukoulotakis, N.P.; Mantzavinos, D. Photocatalytic treatment of black table olive processing wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008; 154, 1090-1097.
[11] Anju, S.G.; Jyothi, K.P.; Joseph, S.; Suguna, Y.; Yesodharan, E.P. Ultrasound assisted semiconductor mediated catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water: Comparative efficacy of ZnO, TiO2 and ZnO-TiO2. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 2012; 1, 191-201.
[12] Fotiadis, C.; Xekoukoulotakis, N.P.; Mantzavinos, D. Photocatalytic treatment of wastewater from cottonseed processing: Effect of operating conditions, aerobic biodegradability and eco toxicity. Catalysis Today. 2007; 124, 247-253.
[13] Çatalkaya, E.Ç.; Şengül, F. Application of Box-Wilson experimental design method for the photodegradation of bakery's yeast industry with UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe(II) process. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006; 128(2-3), 201- 207.
[14] Dwyer, J.; Kavanagh, L.; Lant, P. The degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen associated with melanoidin using a UV/H2O2 AOP. Chemosphere. 2008; 7, 745-753.
[15] Apollo, S.; Onyango, M.S.; Ochieng, A. An integrated anaerobic digestion and UV photocatalytic treatment of distillery wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013; 261, 435-442.
[16] Qin, Z.; Liang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Jiang, W. Preparation of InYO3 catalyst and its application in photodegradation of molasses fermentation wastewater. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2011; 23(7), 1219-1224.
[17] Wang, J.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, L.; Kang, P.; Xie, Y.; Lv, Y.; Xu, R.; Zhang, X. Sonocatalytic degradation of some dyestuffs and comparison of catalytic activities of nano sized TiO2, nano sized ZnO and composite TiO2/ZnO powders under ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2009; 16, 225-231.
[18] Wang, J.; Lv, Y.; Zhang, L.; Liu, B.; Jiang, R.; Han, G.; Xu, R.; Zhang, X. Sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and comparison of catalytic activities of CeO2/TiO2, SnO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 composites under ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2010; 17, 642-648.
[19] Jamalluddin, N.A.; Abdullah, A.Z. Reactive dye degradation by combined Fe(III)/TiO2 catalyst and ultrasonic irradiation: Effect of Fe(III) loading and calcination temperature. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2011; 18, 669-678.
[20] Abdullah, A.Z.; Ling, P.Y. Heat treatment effects on the characteristics and sonocatalytic performance of TiO2 in the degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010; 173, 159-167.
[21] Zhou, M.; Yu, J.; Cheng, B. Effects of Fe-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 powders prepared by an ultrasonic method. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006; B137, 1838-1847.
[22] Fu, M.; Li, Y.; Wu, S.; Lu, P.; Liu, J.; Dong, F. Sol-gel preparation and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles.bApplied Surface Science. 2011; 258, 1587-1591.
[23] Rashida, J.; Barakata, M.A.; Mohamed, R.M.; Ibrahim, I.A. Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of zinc/cobalt spinel oxides by doping with ZrO2 for visible light photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in wastewater. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2014; 284, 1-7.
[24] Agustina, T.E.; Ang, H.M.; Pareek, V.K. Treatment of winery wastewater using a photocatalytic/photolytic reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2008; 135, 151-156.
[25] Kwaka, E.; Leeb, Y.; Murataa, M.; Hommaa, S. Effect of reaction pH on the photodegradation of model melanoidins. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. 2004; 37, 255-262.