Siber Saldırıların BM Şartı’nda Yer Alan Silahlı Saldırı Kavramı Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi

Teknolojinin gelişimi, bilgisayarların kullanım alanlarının yaygınlaşması ve bilgisayara olan bağımlılığın artmasıyla birlikte siber uzay da bir savaş alanı haline gelmiştir. Siber uzaydaki askeri faaliyetlere yönelik uluslararası düzenleme olmayışı, buradaki eylemlerin uluslararası hukukun kapsamı dışında olduğu anlamına gelmemektedir. BM Şartı’nda yer alan ilke ve yasakların, nispeten yeni bir kuvvet kullanma şekli olan siber savaş için de geçerli olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Kuvvet kullanma yasağının istisnası olan meşru müdafaa hakkının kullanılabilmesi için bir silahlı saldırının gerçekleşmiş olması ön koşulu aranmaktadır. Gerçekleşen silahlı saldırının hangi silahları içerdiği saldırının varlığını etkilememektedir. Bir silah olarak siber yöntemlerin kullanımı sonucunda ortaya çıkan etkilerin kinetik etkiye sahip silahlarla gerçekleştirilecek saldırılar seviyesine çıkabileceği yaşanmış örneklerle sabittir. Bu nedenle boyut ve etkileri bakımından belirli bir eşiği aşan siber saldırılar meşru müdafaa hakkına esas teşkil edecek silahlı saldırıyı oluşturabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Siber Savaş, Siber Saldırı, Silahlı Saldırı, Meşru Müdafaa.

Assessment of Cyber Attacks within the Concept of Armed Attack in the UN Charter

Cyber space became a new domain of warfare with the development of technology, proliferation of usage areas of computers and increased dependency on computer systems. Absence of an international regulation for military activities in the cyber domain does not mean these activities are beyond the scope of international law. The principles and prohibitions in the UN Charter are regarded to be in force for cyber warfare which is a comparatively new way of use of force. In order to use the right of self defence, which is an exception of the prohibition of use of force, occurrence of an armed attack is required. The weapons, which the actual armed attack comprised of, does not affect the existence of the attack. It is proven with experience that the effects resulting from the use of cyber methods as a weapon can reach the level of attacks with weapons with kinetic effects. Therefore, cyber attacks those surpass a threshold in terms of their scale and effects may constitute an armed attack which will be the basis for self defence.

Keywords:

Cyber Warfare, Cyber Attack, Armed Attack, Self Defence,

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