Türkiye'de Ücret Eşitsizliğinin Analizi

Ücret kavramına ilişkin tartışmalar iktisat yazınında sürekli yer bulmuştur. Ücretin nasıl ortaya çıktığı, nasıl belirlendiği ve denge noktasının ne olduğu tartışmaların merkezini oluşturmuştur. Ücret ayrıca elde edilen toplam gelirler içinde önemli yer tutmakta bu durum da önemini daha da artırmaktadır. 2015 yılı gelir ve yaşam koşulu verilerine göre Türkiye’de ücret, maaş ve yevmiye gelirleri toplam gelirler içinde %52,5’lik orana sahiptir. Bu durum ise ücrette yaşanan eşitsizliğin gelir eşitsizliğine etkisini artırmaktadır. 2008 kriziyle beraber artan eşitsizlik tartışmaları Türkiye’de ücretin belirleyenleri ve ücret eşitsizliği yeniden ele alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Özellikle emeğin niteliğinin ücret üzerine etkisini temel alan insan sermayesi modeli ücret eşitsizliğinin analizi açısından önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’nun hane halkı işgücü anketi mikro veri seti kullanılmıştır. Temel insan sermayesi modeli olan eğitim ve deneyim değişkenlerinin yanı sıra çalışılan işteki esneklik, çalışılan sektör ile çalışanın demografik bazı özellikleri eklenerek model genişletilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda atipik çalışma ve cinsiyet gibi faktörlerin ücret farklılığını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Analysis of Wage Inequality in Turkey

Discussion of the notion of wages has consistently taken place in economic literature. The way in which wages come to exist and are defined, and what the equilibrium point have been the center of this discussion. The share of wages raise in total income raise. According to Turkey income and living conditions data for 2015, wages, and salaries in Turkey have 52.5% of total revenues. This increases the effect of the inequality in wages on income inequality. Growing discussion of inequality since then the 2008 economic crisis makes it necessary to readdress the determinants of wages and wage inequality. In particular, the human capital model based on the effect of labor quality on wages plays an important role in the analysis of wage inequality. In this study, the household labor force survey micro data set held by Turkey Statistical Institute (Turkstat) is used. In addition to education and experience variables, the basic human capital model is extended to include flexibility in the workplace, job sector, and some demographic characteristics of employee. This study concludes that factors such as atypical work and gender increase wage differential.

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