Küçük Asya’da Ptolemaios Hakimiyeti Altında Basılan Otonom Kent Sikkeleri

Makedon Kralı III. Aleksandros’un ölümünün ardından krallık halef komutanlar arasında paylaşılmış, yaklaşık yarım asır sürekli muharebeler yaşanmıştır. Komutan Ptolemaios, 18 yıl Mısır’da satraplık yaptıktan sonra, tıpkı diğer halefler gibi kendi krallığını ilan etmiştir. Kuvvetli donanması sayesinde Akdeniz’in dört bir köşesine yayılan Ptolemaioslar, MÖ. 280’li yıllardan başlayarak Küçük Asya’nın batı ve güney-batı sahillerinde de hakimiyet tesis etmiştir. Yaklaşık bir asır bu bölgede varlığını sürdüren Ptolemaios Krallığı, hem krali sikke darp etmiş hem de hakimiyeti altındaki kimi kentlerin kendi adını taşıyan sikkeler basmasına müsaade etmiştir. Lykia, Karia, Ionia ve Troas’ta birer kentin bu otonom kent darplarından bastığı kesin olarak bilinmektedir. Güncel literatürde hangisi olduğu tespit edilemeyen iki kent daha bu sikkelerden darp etmiş olmalıdır. Bu sikkeler temel olarak ön ya da arka yüzünde sivil nitelikte bir tasvir ve lejand olarak kent ismini kullanması ile krali olanlardan ayrılır. Bu çalışmada Küçük Asya’da krali sikke darp eden kentler hakkında kısa bilgi verildikten sonra çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden otonom kent darpları tanıtılacaktır. Bu darplara dair yapılan tartışmalar aktarılacak, güncel litetürde gelinen son nokta paylaşılacaktır. Son olarak otonom kent darplarının nitelikleri hakkında bir analiz sunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hellenistik dönem, Ptolemaios Krallığı, Küçük Asya, Krali sikke

Municipal Coinage from Asia Minor struck during the Ptolemaic Hegemony

After the death of Alexander III of Macedon, this vast kingdom was distributed among his successor generals. Ptolemy was the satrap of Egypt for eighteen years. After that period Ptolemy declared his own kingdom just like other successors. Thanks to its strong navy, Ptolemies were all over the Mediterranean and they also dominated western and south-western Asia Minor from 280s BC. Ptolemaic Kingdom maintained this hegemony almost a century. During this domination, Ptolemies both struck royal coinage and also let some poleis strike coinage in their own names. It is firmly known that four poleis in Lycia, Caria, Ionia and Troas regions struck these municipal coins. Two more cities, which could not be determined in the current literature, must have struck such coins. Essentially, municipal coins differs from royal issues for their civic coin types, either on the obverse or the reverse side, and using their ethnic on the reverse side. This study gives brief information about the royal issues struck in Asia Minor and introduce and explain mints of municipal coins. Debates and arguments about these coins in the previous literature and the present situation are shared. Lastly, a brief analysis regarding the characteristics of municipal coins is made.

Keywords:

Hellenistic period, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Asia Minor, Royal coins,

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