Naime ARSLAN, Deniz MERCAN, Cansev AKKAN KÖKÇÜ, Talha ARSLAN

Chironomus Camptochironomus tentans Chironomidae larvaları anten ve ağız parçalarındaki şekil bozuklukları ve habitat özellikleri ile ilişkileri

Türkiye’deki önemli Ramsar alanlarından biri olan Uluabat Gölü sığ, ötrof ve metal ile kontamine olmuş bir göldür. Chironomus Camptochrinomus tentans larvalarının anten ve ağıız parçalarındaki mentum, anten, mandibul ve epifarinks şekil bozukluklarını incelemek amacıyla Ağustos 2004-Temmuz 2005 tarihleri arasında örnekler toplanmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 1800 chironomid larvası incelenmiş, Uluabat Gölü’nün 12 Chironomid taxonu içerdiği ve Chironomus Camptochironomus tentans Fabricius, 1805 türünün baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toplamda 327 C. C. tentans incelenerek bunların %55.04’ünde anten ve ağız parçalarında şekil bozukluklarının olduğu saptanmıştır. Su sirkülâsyonunun azaldığı iki istasyondan toplanan tüm C. C. tentans örnekleri çalışma süresince en yüksek oranda şekil bozukluğunun tespit edildiği örneklerdir. C. C. tentans larvaları tüm ağız parçalarında şekil bozuklukları tespit edilmiş olup, bu normalden sapmaların mentum ve epifarinkste daha yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her bir örnekleme noktasında, su ölçümleri derinlik, pH, çözünmüş oksijen ve sıcaklık in situ olarak yapılmıştır. Ek olarak, sekiz metalin Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn ve Ag göl suyunda her bir istasyonda bütün örnekler için, n=9 ve sedimentteki n=9 konsantrasyonları aylık olarak analiz edilmiştir. Uluabat Gölü’nden sediment ve su analizleri nikel, çinko, bakır ve kurşun gibi metal kirleticilerin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Anten ve ağız parçalarındaki şekil bozuklukları ile su-sediment toksisitesi arasındaki ilişki Correspondence Analysis Uyum Analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre anten ve ağız parçalarındaki toplam şekil bozukluğu oranı sedimentte nikel, çinko, kadmiyum ve kurşun, suda ise pH ve fosforun yüksek içerikleri ile pozitif korelasyon göstermektedir. Mentumdaki şekil bzuklukları ise sedimentteki Ag ve Zn, suda SO4 ve COD ile positif korelasyon gösterirken, sudaki Cd ve sedimentteki Cu ile negatif korelasyon göstermektedir. Anten şekil bozuklukları sedimentte krom, suda kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, nitrat, sülfat ile pozitif korelasyon göstermektedir. Epifarinks şekil bozuklukları ise suda çinko, sedimentte gümüş ile pozitif korelasyon göstermektedir. Epifarinksteki şekil bozulmaları sudaki Zn ve sedimentteki Ag ile pozitif korelasyon gösterirken, anten yapısındaki bozulmaların sedimentteki Cr ve sudaki COD, NO3–N, SO4 içeriği ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluabat Gölü, Chironomidae larvalarında şekil bozuklukları

Antenna and mouthpart defect in Chironomus Camptochironomus tentans larvae Chironomidae and their relevance with habitat characteristics

A shallow, eutroph and metal contaminated lake one of the Ramsar sites in Turkey, Lake Uluabat was investigated from August 2004 to July 2005 to determine the defects at some mouthparts mentum, mandible and epipharyngis and antenna of Chironomus Camptochrinomus tentans larvae. Although a total of 1800 chironomid larvae belonging twelve taxa were found in Lake Uluabat, it was dominated by Chironomus Camptochironomus tentans Fabricius, 1805. A total of 327 C. C. tentans were examined, 55.04% of which possessed defects. A total of 12 stations were sampled but all samples of C. C. tentans, collected from two stations where water circulation is reduced, demonstrated the highest incidence of deformities during the study. Defects were found in all mouthparts and antenna in C. C. tentans but mentum and epipharyngis defects were the most frequent. In each sample station, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and depth of the lake water were measured as in situ. In addition, concentrations of eight metals Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ag, Cr, Fe and Ni were measured monthly in lake water for all samples at each sampling station, n = 9 and sediment n monthly. = 9 . Analyses of water and sediment from Lake Uluabat showed the presence of metal pollutants such as zinc, nickel, lead and copper. The relationship between defect and water-sediment toxicity relationship was analyzed by Correspondence Analysis. According to the results, the total rate of defect were largely correlated with high amounts of Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediment and PO4, pH in water. In mouthpart; the mentum defects positively correlated with Ag and Zn in sediment, SO4 and COD in water and negatively correlated with Cd in water and Cu in sediment; epipharyngis defect positively correlated with Zn in water and with Ag in sediment. Antenna defects showed a statistically correlation with Cr in sediment and COD, NO3–N, SO4 in water

Keywords:

Defects in Chironomidae larvae, Lake Uluabat,

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