The Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Electrostatic Powder Coating Waste Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The present study investigates the mechanical and thermal behavior of polyurethane electrostatic powder coating waste reinforced epoxy composites. Different percentages of electrostatic powder coating waste (3, 6, and 9 wt. %) reinforced epoxy composites were manufactured. The mixture of polyurethane powder coating waste and epoxy was mixed with a magnetic stirrer to ensure that the polyurethane powder coating waste was dispersed well in the epoxy, and then the mixture was placed under vacuum and air bubbles were removed. Tensile and three-point tests were performed to determine the changes in the mechanical properties of the materials, and thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the thermal properties. In addition, images were taken with scanning electron microscopy for morphological features. The study revealed that the three-point flexural strength was increased by up to 8% and 15%, respectively, in the samples with 3 wt% and 6 wt% powder coating waste additives. The material's tensile strength decreased by up to 27% with powder coating waste reinforcement. However, the opposite trend was observed in the modulus of elasticity. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the thermal properties of the materials. Also, from scanning electron microscopy analysis, it was observed that the inclusion of powder coating waste changed the damage mechanism of the material.

PDF

___

[1] A.H. Karle, M.R Nukulwar, V.B. Tungikar, “Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites reinforced with CaSiO3 particulate fillers,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 46, pp. 325-330, 2021.
[2] A. Dogan, “Single and repeated low-velocity impact response of E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy and polypropylene composites for different impactor shapes,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 320-336, 2022.
[3] Y. Kısmet, A. Dogan, “Characterization of the mechanical and thermal properties of rape short natural-fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites,” Iranian Polymer Journal, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 143-151, 2022.
[4] O. Faruk, A.K. Bledzki, H.P. Fink, M. Sain, “Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1552-1596, 2012.
[5] A. Erdoğan, M.S. Gök, V. Koc, A.Günen, “Friction and wear behavior of epoxy composite filled with industrial wastes,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 237, 117588, 2019.
[6] S. Singh, S. Ramakrishna, M.K. Gupta, “Towards zero waste manufacturing: A multidisciplinary review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 168, pp. 1230-1243, 2017.
[7] T. Väisänen, A. Haapala, R. Lappalainen, L. Tomppo, “Utilization of agricultural and forest industry waste and residues in natural fiber-polymer composites: A review,” Waste Management, vol. 54, pp. 62-73, 2016.
[8] N.B. Karthik Babu, T. Ramesh, S. Muthukumaran, “Physical, tribological and viscoelastic behavior of machining wear debris powder reinforced epoxy composites,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 272, 122786, 2020.
[9] D. Ray, R. Gnanamoorthy, “Friction and wear behavior of vinylester resin matrix composites filled with fly ash particles,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 5-13, 2007.
[10] M. Panchal, G. Raghavendra, M.O. Prakash, S. Ojha, “Effects of environmental conditions on erosion wear of eggshell particulate epoxy composites,” Silicon, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 627-634, 2018.
[11] M.C.S. Ribeiro, A. Fiúza, A.C.M. Castro, F.G. Silva, M.L. Dinis, J.P. Meixedo, M.R. Alvim, “Mix design process of polyester polymer mortars modified with recycled GFRP waste materials,” Composite Structure, vol. 105, pp. 300-310, 2013.
[12] A.Soharu, B.P. Naven, A. Sil, “Fly ash bricks development using concrete waste debris and self-healing bacteria,” J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1037-1046, 2022.
[13] Y. Kısmet, “Investigation of the changes in melt flow indexes (MFI) and densities of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyoxymethylene (POM) related with hydrolyzed powder coating waste amount,” Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 241-245, 2016.
[14] Y. Kismet, “Entwicklung eines Verfahrens für die Verwertung von Pulverlackrecyclaten,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2012.
[15] Y. Kismet, “Change of mechanical properties of powder recyclate reinforced polyolefin based on gamma radiation,” Polymers, vol. 9, no. 9, 384, 2017.
[16] Y. Kismet, M.H. Wagner, “Enhancing the potential of employing thermosetting powder recyclates as filler in LLDPE by structural modifications,” Journal of Polymer Engineering, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 287-296, 2017.
[17] Y. Kismet, M.H. Wagner, “Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of powder coating waste reinforced acetal copolymer,” Polymer Testing, vol. 82, 106322, 2020.
[18] Y. Kismet, A. Dogan, M.H. Wagner, “Thermoset powder coating wastes as filler in LDPE–Characterization of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties,” Polymer Testing, vol. 93, 106897, 2021.
[19] Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM D-638, 2014.
[20] N.N. Dao, M. Dai Luu, Q.K. Nguyen, B.S. Kim, “UV absorption by cerium oxide nanoparticles/epoxy composite thin films,” Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 2, no. 4, 045013, 2011.
[21] D. Bourell, J.P. Kruth, M. Leu, G. Levy, D. Rosen, A.M. Beese, A. Clare, “Materials for additive manufacturing,” CIRP annals, vol. 66, no 2, pp. 659-681, 2017.
[22] X. Zhang, G. Liao, Q. Jin, X. Feng, X. Jian, “On dry sliding friction and wear behavior of PPESK filled with PTFE and graphite,” Tribology International, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 195-201, 2008.
[23] S. Rana, M. Hasan, M.R.K. Sheikh, A.N. Faruqui, “Effects of aluminum and silicon carbide on morphological and mechanical properties of epoxy hybrid composites,” Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 30, 09673911211068918, 2022.
[24] S. Afsara, M. Hasan, “Effect of peacock feather and rose stem fibre hybridisation on mechanical properties of polystyrene composites,” Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, pp.1-14, 2020.
[25] H.S. Yang, H.J. Kim, H.J. Park, B.J. Lee, T.S. Hwang, “Water absorption behavior and mechanical properties of lignocellulosic filler–polyolefin bio-composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 429-437, 2006.
[26] Y.Q. Li, S.Y. Fu, Y.W. Mai, “Preparation and characterization of transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency,” Polymer, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2127-2132, 2006.
[27] M.K. Lila, G.K. Saini, M. Kannan, I. Singh, “Effect of fiber type on thermal and mechanical behavior of epoxy based composites,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 806-810, 2017.
[28] S.A. Al-Bayaty, N.J. Jubier, R.A. Al-Uqaily, “Study of Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetics of Epoxy/Polystyrene Composites by using TGA and DSC,” Journal of Xian University of Architecture & Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1331-1341, 2020.