Sera ve tarla koşullarında Karpuz bakteriyel meyve lekesi [Acidovorax citrulli (Schaad et al.) Schaad et al.] hastalığının biyolojik mücadelesi

Acidovorax citrulli’nin neden olduğu bakteriyel meyve lekesi hastalığı tüm dünyada karpuz üretimini tehdit eden önemli bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada, hastalığın biyolojik mücadelesinde daha önce in vitro petri denemeleri ve tohum uygulamaları ile başarılı bulunan bakteriyel antagonistlerin cam serada ve tarla koşullarında yeşil aksam uygulamaları olarak hastalığı baskılama oranları iki yıl yürütülen denemelerle araştırılmıştır. Antagonist ve patojen bakteriler karpuz yapraklarına püskürtülmüş, yapraklarda oluşan hastalık belirtilerine göre hastalık çıkışı ve şiddeti değerlendirilmiştir. Cam serada yürütülen denemede, üç antagonist bakteri (Antg-12 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Antg-97 Bacillus methylotrophicus ve Antg-101 Paenibacillus polymyxa) istatistiki olarak kontrolden farklı grupta yer almış ve hastalığı ilk yıl %20-49 oranında, ikinci yıl %45-81 oranında baskılayan en başarılı uygulamalar olmuştur. Tarla denemelerinde ise antagonistler ve kombinasyonları hastalığı baskılamada istenilen başarıyı gösterememiştir. Antagonist uygulamalarının meyve verimine katkısının da olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullandığımız antagonistlerin hastalığın biyolojik mücadelesinde yeşil aksam uygulaması olarak tercih edilemeyeceği belirlenmiştir.

Biocontrol of watermelon fruit blotch [Acidovorax citrulli (Schaad et al.) Schaad et al.] under greenhouse and field conditions

Bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli is the most destructive diseasesof watermelon around the world. In this study, the efficacy of bacterial antagoniststhat were promising with in vitro and seed treatments in previous studies were testedunder greenhouse and field conditions as foliar spraying for two growing seasons.Both antagonistic bacteria and pathogen were sprayed on foliar and diseaseseverity (DS) evaluated according to disease symptoms. Three antagonists (Antg-12 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Antg-97 Bacillus methylotrophicus and Antg-101Paenibacillus polymyxa) were significantly different from control in statisticalanalyzes under greenhouse conditions and reduced DS from 20 to 49% in firstyear and from 45 to 81% in the second year, respectively. However, antagonistsand their combinations were failed for disease suppression under field conditions.Any increase did not acquire on mature fruits after applications. It is concluded inthe study that bacterial antagonists is not effective as foliar spraying for diseasecontrol.

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