Berna TUNALI, Bayram Kansu, Müge Maldar, Gonca Meyva, Sevilay Saygı

Samsun ve Ordu illerinden toplanan mısır koçanlarındaki fungal floranın değişiminin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma, Samsun ve Ordu illerinde 2010 ve 2015 yılı hasat döneminde, mısır üretimi açısından önemli potansiyele sahip Bafra, Çarşamba, Tekkeköy, Ondokuzmayıs, Çaybaşı, Akkuş, Fatsa ve Ünye ilçelerinden toplanan mısır tanelerindeki fungusları tespit etmek için ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Fusarium spp.’nin tanelerde bulunma oranları ile toksin oluşturabilecek olanlarının dağılımları ortaya konulmuştur. Survey çalışmalarında toplam 74 mısır tarlasından örnekleme yapılmış ve elde edilen taneler üzerindeki fungal cins ve türler tespit edilmiştir. İzolasyonlar sonucunda, her iki yılda da Fusarium en yüksek oranda izole edilen fungus cinsi olurken (%56.3 ve %51.25), 2010 yılında toplam, 1260 tohumdan 1046 (%83.0)’sı, 2015 yılında 960 tohumdan 320 (%33.3)’si, Fusarium, Penicillium, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Nigrospora ve diğer bazı cinsleri içermiştir. Fumonisin (FB) üretme potansiyeli bulunan Fusarium spp. 2010 ve 2015 yıllarında sırasıyla %46.7 ve %19.2 seviyelerinde bulunmuştur. Bu fungusların ve FB'nin yaygınlığını özellikle çiçeklenme devresindeki iklim koşulları ile ekilen çeşitlerin yerel ya da hibrit ithal çeşit olması etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mısır, funguslar, tane, Fusarium, mikotoksin

Determination of variation on fungal communities on corn ears collected from Samsun and Ordu provinces

This study was performed in order to determine fungal flora on corn kernels in the growing areas, Bafra, Çarşamba, Tekkeköy, Ondokuzmayıs, Çaybaşı, Akkuş, Fatsa and Ünye of Samsun and Ordu provinces in 2010 and 2015 during pre-harvest season. Additionally, the incidence of Fusarium spp. in corn kernels and distribution of corn contaminated with mycotoxin produced fungi were obtained. Corn samples collected from 74 corn field and fungal genus and species were identified. As a result of isolations, in both years while Fusarium was the predominant genus isolated from kernels (56.3% and 51.25%), in 2010 total 1046 (83.0%) kernels in 1260 kernels and in 2015 total 320 (33.3%) kernels of 960 kernels were infested with Fusarium, Penicillium, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Nigrospora etc. Ratio of fumonisin (FB) producing capability of Fusarium spp. was 46.7% and 19.2% during the year 2010 and 2015, respectively. The prevalence of FB and Fusarium are affected especially climatic conditions in flowering stage of plants according to local varieties or hybrid varieties of import corn.

Keywords:

Corn, fungi, kernel, Fusarium, mycotoxin,

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