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Arpa ağbenek (Pyrenophora teres Drechs.) hastalığının yayılış durumu, neden olduğu verim kaybı ve verim bileşenlerine etkisi üzerinde araştırmalar

Bu çalışmada, 2008-2013 yıllarında, sistematik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan sürveylerde, toplam 504 arpa tarlası incelenmiş, 258 tarla (%51,2) ağbenek (Pyrenophora teres Drechs.) hastalığı ile bulaşık bulunmuştur. Hastalık, Trakya bölgesinde ortalama %80.2 oranında en fazla yaygınlık göstermiş, bunu Ege bölgesi (%51.2), Karadeniz (%44.4) ve Akdeniz bölgesi (%41.4) takip etmiştir. Orta Anadolu bölgesinde, %14.3, Güney Marmara’da, %12.9 hastalıklı tarla saptanmış, Güney Doğu Anadolu’da ise incelenen 48 tarlanın hiç birinde ağbenek hastalığına rastlanmamıştır. 258 tarladaki ağ tipi-ağbenek(P.teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg.) formu yanında, sadece 6 tarlada; nokta tipi- ağbenek (P. teres Drechs. f. maculata Smedeg.) görülmüştür. 2010-2013 yılları arasında Trakya bölgesi denemelerinde, farklı çeşit ve ilaç uygulamaları ile oluşturulan %4.6-78.0 arasında 43 farklı hastalık şiddeti ile başakta tane verimi ve 1000 tane ağırlıkları arasında, negatif doğrusal bir ilişkinin olduğu, bunun yanında, hastalık şiddeti ile başakta tane sayısı arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Ağbenek hastalığı tane veriminde, ortalama %23.25, bin tane ağırlığında %16.99, tane sayısında %6.67 oranında kayba neden olmuştur. Ağbenek hastalığının neden olduğu verim kaybı, başlıca tane ağırlığı ve iriliğini etkilemesinden kaynaklanmıştır. Ağbenek hastalığı, süt olum döneminde üstten 3 yaprakta oluşturduğu lekeli alanın, %51.7 oranında tane verimi kaybına neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağbenek, sürvey; yayılış; hastalık şiddeti; tane verimi; bin tane ağırlığı.

Investigations on the prevalence of barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechs.) the yield losses caused by disease and the relationships between disease and yield components

During 2008-2013, in surveys total 504 barley fields were inspected and 258 of them (51.2%) were found to be infected by net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechs.) disease. The prevalence was highest level in Thracian region of Turkey as 80.2% and then, was 51.2% in Aegean, 44.4% in Blacksea, 41.4% in Mediterranean regions. In Middle Anatolia infected field percentage was found as 14.3, in Southern Marmara 12.9, however any infected field was not come across in South-Eastern region, in 48 fields inspected. Besides net type-net blotch in 258 fields, spot-type-net blotch was only observed in 6 fields of 258. With using different barley varieties and applying different chemicals, between 4.6-78.0%, 43 different levels of disease intensities were developed in Thrace in 2010-2013 trials. A negative, linear, significant correlation was determined between disease intensity with grain yield of ear and 1000-kernel weight and not any significant relationship with kernel count per ear. Net blotch caused grain yield loss, as average 23.25%, changing 19.27-30.55, according years, 1000 kernel weight loss, as average 16.99%, changing 7.21-21.17% and kernel count per ear loss, as average 6.67%, changing 2.11-13.34. So, it was concluded the mainly reason of yield loss was the lack of the seed size and seed weight per ear because of disease. It was seen to be possible the estimating of yield loss from the severity percent of net blotch. The disease caused loss, as about 51.7% of the percentage of disease severity detected on upper 3 leaves during milky stage.

Keywords:

Net blotch, survey; prevalence; disease intensity; grain yield; 1000 kernel weight,

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