Ankara (Polatlı) soğan depolarında tespit edilen fungal depo çürüklüğü etmenleri

Ankara ilinde Türkiye kuru soğan üretiminin %21’i yapılmakta, bu üretimin büyük bir kısmı Polatlı ilçesinde gerçekleştirilmekte ve depolanmaktadır. Fungal patojenler soğan yetiştiriciliğinde hem tarlada hem de depo da önemli ürün kayıpları meydana getirmektedirler. 2014-2015 yılları arasında yürütülen bu çalışmada Polatlı ilçesinde kapasitesi 200 ton üzerinde olan 5 depoda örneklemeler yapılarak soğanlarda depo çürüklüğüne neden olan fungal etmenlerin, çıkış oranları ve patojenisiteleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda depolarda çürüklük belirtisi gösteren soğan örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlarda Alternaria alternata %5.59, Alternaria porri %6.29, Aspergillus niger %17.48, Aspergillus ochraceous %2.09, Botrytis allii %4.19, Fusarium equiseti %4.89, Fusarium oxysporum %3.49, Fusarium solani %7.69, Fusarium verticilloides %13.28, Gliocladium roseum %4.89, Paecilomyces sp. %1.39 ve Penicillium spp. %30.06 oranında elde edilmiştir. Etmenlerin patojenisiteleri yumruların boyun kısımlarından yapılan yaralama yerlerine inokülasyon yapılarak araştırılmış ve yumruda meydana getirdikleri % hastalık oranlarına göre sırasıyla B. allii, F. equiseti, F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. verticilloides, Penicillium spp., A. niger, A. ochraceous, Alternaria spp. etmenlerinin patojen oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Soğan, hastalık; depo; fungus

Fungal storage rot agents determined in onion warehouses in Ankara (Polatlı) province

Twenty one percent of bulb onion production is obtained from Ankara province and the greater amount of this harvest is cultivated and stored in Polatlı county of Ankara province. Fungal diseases cause yield losses not only in the field but in the store as well. In this study, which were carried out during 2014-2015, fungal storage rot agents, their incidence and pathogenicities were determined using bulb samples collected from 5 stores with the capacity over 200 tons. As a result, the following fungal pathogens were obtained with the next rates; Alternaria alternata 5.59%, Alternaria porri 6.29%, Aspergillus niger 17.48%, Aspergillus ochraceous 2.09%, Botrytis allii 4.19%, Fusarium equiseti 4.89%, Fusarium oxysporum 3.49%, Fusarium solani 7.69%, Fusarium verticilloides 13.28%, Gliocladium roseum 4.89%, Paecilomyces sp. 1.39% and Penicillium spp. 30.06%. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was performed by inoculating the healthy onion bulbs with fungal agents from the wounded necks and as based on disease incidence in the bulbs Botrytis allii, Fusarium equiseti, F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. verticilloides, Penicillium spp., A. niger, A. ochraceous, Alternaria spp. were found as pathogenic.

Keywords:

Onion, disease; storage; fungus,

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