Tohum Uygulamaları (Priming)’nın Tohum Yağ Asitleri Kompozisyonuna Etkisi ve Tohum Kalitesi ile İliskisi

Tohum kalitesini etkileyen en önemli faktörler arasında; hasat öncesi ana bitkinin beslenme durumu, hasat dönemi ve sonrası patojenik etkiler, hasat sırasındaki mekanik zararlanmalar, hasat sonrası ise depolama koşulları (depo sıcaklığı, tohum nemi, oksijen) gelmektedir. Ayrıca tohumun kalitesi saflık, canlılık, güç, nem içeriği ve genetik özelliklerine de bağlıdır. Tohumların yağ içerikleri ve yağ asitleri dağılımına bağlı olarak, tohum kalitesinde önemli değişiklikler olmaktadır. Çimlenme ve çıkış sorunlarını minimuma indirgemek için yapılan çeşitli ekim öncesi uygulamalar “Priming, tohum uygulamaları, ekim öncesi uygulamalar” gibi farklı adlarla anılmaktadır. Tohumların düşük ve yüksek sıcaklık, kuraklık gibi çeşitli stres koşullarına dayanımını artırmak amacıyla “Priming”, “Ön Uygulama” ya da “Tohum uygulamaları” adı verilen çeşitli uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca tohum uygulamaları ve bu uygulamalarda kullanılan kimyasal maddeler ile uygulama sürelerine göre tohumdaki canlılık da önemli derecede etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tohum uygulamalarıyla tohumun yağ asitleri dağılımındaki değişimler ile tohum kalitesi arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tohum uygulamaları; yağ asitleri; tohum kalitesi

Impact of Seed Applications (Priming) of Fatty Acid Composition of Seed and Seed Quality and Its Relations

The most important factors affecting seed quality are the nutritional status of main plant before harvest, harvest period and the pathogenic effects and mechanical damage during harvest, and post-harvest storage conditions (storage temperature, seed moisture, oxygen). In addition, the seed quality depends on seed purity, vitality, strength, moisture content and genetic characteristics. The seed quality is significantly changed by oil content and fatty acid distribution of seeds. Various pre-sowing seed treatments to minimize germination and emergence problems are referred with different names such as “Priming, seed treatments, pre-sowing treatments”. The viability of the seeds is significantly affected with the seed treatments, and the chemicals used in seed treatment, duration of treatment. In this study, the researches on variation of seed fatty acid composition with seed treatments and seed quality have been evaluated.

Keywords:

Priming; fatty acids; seed quality,

PDF

___

Adegbuyi, E., Cooper, S.R. and Don, R. 1981. Osmotic priming of some herbage grass seed using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Seed Science and Technology, 9: 867-878.
Ali, A.V., Souza Machado and Mahill, A.S. 1990. Osmoconditioning of tomato and onion seeds. Scientia Hort., 43: 213-234.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F and Come, D. 1997. Changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in sunflower seeds during accelerated aging and subsequent priming. Basic and Applied Aspects os seed Biology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 665-672.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Come, D. 1998. Free radical csavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiologia Plantarum, 104(4):646-652.
Basay, S., Sürmeli, N, Okcu, G. and Demir, İ. 2006. Changes in germination percentages, protein and lipid contents of primed pepper seeds during storage. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 56:138-142.
Basu, R. N. 1994. An apprasial of research on wet and dry physiological seed treatments and their applicability with special referance to tropical and subtropical countries. Seed Science and Technology, 22: 107-126.
Black, M. and Bewley, J. D. 2000. Seed Technology and its Biological Basis. Sheffield Academic Press, England.
Bodsworth, S. and Bewley, J.D. 1981. Osmotic priming of seed of crop species with polyethylne glycol as a mean enhancing early and synchoronous germination at cool temperatures. Can. J. Bot., 5: 672-676.
Braccini, A. de L. E., Reis, M.S., Moreira, M.A., Sediyama, C.S. and Scapim, C.A. 2000. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., Brasilia, 35(2):433-447.
Bradford, K.J. 1986. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Hortscience, 21: 1105-1112
Cantarelli, P. R., Regitano-d’Arce, M..A.B. and Palma, E.R. 1993. Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes. Scientia Agric., 50(1):117-120.
Cantarelli, P.R., Regitano-d’Arce, M.A.B. and Palma, E.R. 1993. Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes. Scientia Agric., 50(1), 117-120.
Cantliffe, D.J., K.D., Shuler and A.J. Guedes. 1981. Overcoming seed thermodormancy in a heat sensitive romaine lettuce by seed priming. Hortscience, 16: 196-198.
Chang, C. C. and Sung, J. M. 2001. Priming bitter gourd seeds with selenium solution enhances germinability and antioxidative responses under sub-optimal temperature. Physiologia Plantarum, 111(9):9-16.
Chang, S. M. and Sung, J. M. 1998.Deteriorative changes in primed sweet corn seeds during storage. Seed Sci. & Tech., 26: 613-626.
Chiu, K.Y., Chen, C.L. and Sung, J.M. 2002. Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Science, 42: 1996-2003.
Chiu, K.Y., Wang, C.S. and Sung, J.M. 1995. Lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzymes associated with accelerated aging and hydration of watermelon seeds differing in ploidy. Physiologia Plantarum. 94 (3):441-446.
Choudhuri, N. and Basu, R. N. 1988. Maintenance of seed vigour and viability of onion (Allium cepa L.) Seed Sci. & Tech., 16:51-61.
Corbineau, F., Gay-Mathieu, C., Vinel, D. and Come, D. 2002. Decrease in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism, membrane damage and lipid composition. Physiol. Plant., 116:489-496.
Dell’Aquila, A. and Bewley, J. D. 1989. Protein synthesis in the axes of ployethylene glycol treated pea seed and during subsequent germination. Journal of Experimental Botany, 40: 1001-1007.
Dell’Aquila, A. and Tritto, V. 1990. Ageing and osmotic priming in wheat seeds; effect upon certain components of seed quality. Annals of Botany, 65: 21-26.
Demir, İ., Ş. Ellialtıoğlu, R. Tıpırdamaz 1994. The effect of different priming treatments on reparability of aged eggplant seeds. Acta Horticulture, 362: 205-212.
Hailstones, M.D. and Smith M.T. 1988. Lİpid peroxidation in relation to declining vigour in seeds of soya (Glycine max L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Journal of Plant Physiology, 133: 452-456.
Heydecker, W. Germination of an idea: The priming of seeds. University of Nottingham School of Agriculture. Rep. 1973/1974
Hsu, C. C., Chen, C. L., Chen, J.J. and Sung, J. M. 2003. Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulturae, 98: 201-212.
Hsu, J. L. ve Sung, J. M. 1997. Antioxidant role of glutathione associated with accelerated aging and hydration of triploid watermelon seeds. Physiologia Plantarum, 100: 967-974.
Jeng, T. L. and Sung, J. M. 1994. Hydration effect on lipid peroxidation and peroxide scavenging enzyme activity of aertificially-aged peanut seed. Seed Sci. & Tech., 22: 531-539.
Kacar, B. 1989. Bitki Fizyolojisi. A.Ü. Ziraat fakültesi yayınları. No:1153. A.Ü. Basımevi. 424s.
Khan, A.A. 1992. Preplant physiological seed conditioning, in Horticultural reviews, 14: 131-181
Khan, A.A., H, Miura., J, Prusinsky, S. İlyas. 1990. Matriconditioning of vegetable seeds to improve stand establishment in early field plantings. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 117:41-47
Mc Donald, M. B. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assesment. Seed Sci. and Tech., 1999, 27: 177-237
Okçu, G. 2005. Sebze Tohumlarında Çimlenmeyi Artırmak Amacıyla Yapılan Bazı Tohum Uygulamaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(2): 64-68.
Parera, C.A. and Cantliffe, D.J. 1994. Presowing seed priming. Horticulture Reviews, 16: 109-141.
Pierce, H.B., Sheldon, D.E. and Murlin, J.R. 1933. The conversion of fat to carbohydrate in the germinating castor bean. III. The chemical analysis, and correlation with respiratory exchange. The Journal of General Physiology, 311-325.
Rudrapal, D. and Nakamura, S. 1988a. Use of halogens in controlling eggplant and radish seed deterioration. Seed Sci. & Tech., 16:115-122
Rudrapal, D. and Nakamura, S. 1988b. The effect of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on eggplant and radish seed viability and vigour. Seed Sci. & Tech., 16:123-130.
Saha, R., Mandal, A. K. and Basu, R. N. 1990. Physiology of seed invigoration treatments in soybean (Glycine max L.). Seed Sci. & Tech., 18:269-276
Sung, J.M. and Chiu, K.Y. 2001. Solid matrix priming can partially reverse thedeterioration of sweet corn seeds induced by 2,2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride generated free radicals. Seed Sci. & Tech., 29:287-298.
Walters, C., Landre, P., Hill, L., Corbineau, F. and Bailly, C. 2005. Organization of lipid reserves in cotyledons of primed anda ged sunflower seeds. Planta, 222, 397-407.
Walters, C., Landre, P., Hill, L., Corbineau, F. and Bailly, C. 2005. Organizatşon of lipid reserves in cotyledons of primed anda ged sunflower seeds. Planta, 222: 397-407.
Ward, F. H. and Powell, A. A. 1983. Evidence for repair processes in onion seeds during storage at high seed moisture contents. Journal of Experimaental Botany, 34: 277-282.
Yanmaz, R., İ. Demir, Ş. Ellialtıoğlu. 1994. Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol 6000) treatment on the germination and emergence of pepper and eggplant seeds at low temperatures. ISTA/ISHS Symposium, Technological Advances in Variety and Seed Research 31 May-3 June 1994, Wageningen/Netherlands.