Ahmed Khaleel ABDULRAHMAN, Serkan ÖZTÜRK

Çoklu Görüntü Damgalama Yönteminde Farklı Frekans Bölgelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Son yıllarda internet ve mobil teknolojilerin gelişmesi ile birlikte, çoklu-ortam dokümanlarının telif hakkının korunması önem kazanmıştır. Sayısal görüntü ve video gibi çoklu-ortam dokümanlarının korunmasında sayısal damgalama en çok kullanılan yöntem olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü, Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümü (ADD) ve Arnold Dönüşümü kullanılarak gri-seviyeli görüntü damgalama yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu damgalama yönteminde eklenecek damgalar dört eşit parçalara ayrılmıştır. Saldırılara karşı damgalama yönteminin dayanıklılığını artırmak için bu parçaların her biri damga eklenecek görüntülerin ADD işlemi sonucunda elde edilen dört ayrı bantlarının farklı alt bölgelerine gizlenmiştir. ADD frekans uzayında farklı alt bölgelere damga ekleme işleminde önerilen gri-seviyeli damgalama yönteminin başarımı damgalanmış görüntülere doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan saldırılar uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca önerilen yöntem ile temel alçak frekans bandına damga ekleme yöntemi karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar önerilen yöntemin saldırılara karşı dayanıklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte damgalanmış görüntülerin kalitelerinin korunduğu da görülmüştür.

Evaluation of Different Frequency Regions in Multiple Image Watermarking Method

— Due to the development of the internet and mobile technologies in recent years, the protection of the copyright of multimedia documents has become importance. Digital watermarking is the most widely used method for protecting multimedia documents such as digital image and video. In this study, gray-level image watermarking method is proposed using Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Arnold Transform. In this watermarking method, the watermarks to be embedded are segmented into four equal-sized parts. In order to increase the robustness of watermarking method against the attacks, each one of these parts have been embedded inside different sub-regions of the four separate bands that have been obtained as a result of DWT processing of the cover images. The performance of the proposed gray-level watermarking method for embedding watermarks in different sub regions in DWT frequency domain has been evaluated by applying linear and nonlinear attacks to the watermarked images. Also, in this study the proposed method is compared with the basic low frequency band watermarking method. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method is robust to the attacks. It is also observed that the quality of the watermarked images has been preserved.

Keywords:

Image watermarking, Discrete Wavelength Transform Discrete Cosine Transform, Frequency Regions,

PDF

___

V. M. Potdar, S. Han, E. Chang, “A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques”, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN’05), Perth, WA, Australia, 709-716, 2005.
S. Öztürk, Kırılgan ve Dayanıklı Resim Damgalama Tekniklerinin Başarımının Zeki Optimizasyon Yöntemleriyle Artırılması, Doktora Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009.
H. Tao, L. Chongmin, J. M. Zain, A. N. Abdalla, “Robust Image Watermarking Theories and Techniques: A Review”, Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 12(1), 122-138, 2014.
V. Aslantaş, Ş. Özer, S. Öztürk, “Genetik Algoritma ile Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü Tabanlı Yeni Bir Resim Damgalama Tekniği”, IEEE 17. Sinyal İşleme ve İletişim Uygulamaları Kurultayı (SİU-2009), Antalya, 285-288, 2009.
S.M. Mousavi, A. Naghsh, S.A.R. Abu-Bakar “Watermarking Techniques used in Medical Images: a Survey”, Journal of Digital Imaging, 27, 714-729, 2014.
V. Aslantaş, Ş. Özer, S. Öztürk, “Tekil Değer Çıkarma Tabanlı Resim Damgalama Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması”, ELECO’2006, Elektrik- Bilgisayar, Bursa, 312-316, 2006.
N. Nikolaidis, I. Pitas, “Robust Image Watermarking in the Spatial Domain”, Signal Processing, 66(3), 385-403, 1998.
R. Sadh, N. Mishra, S. Sharma, “Dual Plane Multiple Spatial Watermarking with Selfencryption”, Sadhana, 41(1), 1-14, 2016.
C. Qin, P. Ji, X. Zhang, J. Dong, J. Wang, “Fragile Image Watermarking with Pixel-wise Recovery based on Overlapping Embedding Strategy”, Signal Processing, 138, 280-293, 2017.
V. Solachidis, L. Pitas, “Circularly Symmetric Watermark Embedding in 2-D DFT Domain”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10(11), 1741–1753, 2001.
M. Urvoy, D. Goudia, F. Autrusseau, “Perceptual DFT Watermarking with Improved Detection and Robustness to Geometrical Distortions”, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 9(7), 1108-1119, 2014.
M.C. Hernandez, F.G. Ugalde, M.N. Miyatake, H.P. Meana, “Robust Watermarking Method in DFT Domain for Effective Management of Medical Imaging”, Signal, Image and Video Processing, 9(5), 1163–1178, 2015.
J. Huang, Y.Q. Shi, Y. Shi, “Embedding Image Watermarks in DC Components”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 10(6), 974-979, 2000.
S. Liu, Z. Pan, H. Song, “Digital İmage Watermarking Method based on DCT and Fractal Encoding”, IET Image Processing, 11(10), 815- 821, 2017.
M. Moosazadeh, G. Ekbatanifard, “An Improved Robust Image Watermarking Method using DCT and YCoCg-R Color Space”, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 140, 975- 988, 2017.
B. Lutovac, M. Dakovic, S. Stankovic, I. Orovic, “An Algorithm for Robust İmage Watermarking based on the DCT and Zernike Moments”, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(22), 23333-23352, 2017.
M. Barni, F. Bartolini, A. Piva, “Improved Wavelet-based Watermarking Through Pixel-Wise Masking”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10(5), 783 – 791, 2001.
R.P. Singh, N. Dabas, V. Chaudhary, Nagendra, “Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine for Watermarking in DWT Domain”, Neurocomputing, 174(A), 238-249, 2016.
S. Kaur, H. Jindal, “Enhanced Image Watermarking Technique using Wavelets and Interpolation”, I.J. Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 7, 23-35, 2017.
H.C. Huang, F.H. Wang, J.S. Pan, “Efficient and Robust Watermarking Algorithm with Vector Quantization”, Electronic Letters, 37 (13), 826- 828, 2001.
A. Tiwari, M. Sharma, “Novel Watermarking Scheme for Image Authentication using Vector Quantization Approach”, Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 60(4), 161–172, 2017.
C. Qin, P. Ji, J. Wang, C.C. Chang, “Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme based on VQ Index Sharing and Self-embedding”, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(2), 2267- 2287, 2017.
V. Aslantas, “An Optimal Robust Digital Image Watermarking Based on SVD using Differential Evolution Algorithm”, Optics Communications, 282, 769-777, 2009.
I.A. Ansar, M. Pant, C.W. Ahn, “SVD based Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Tamper Localization and Self-recovery”, International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 7(6), 1225–1239, 2016.
N.R. Sawant, P.S. Patil, “Comparative Study of SWT-SVD and DWT-SVD Digital Image Watermarking Technique”, International Journal of Computer Applications, 166(12), 9-17, 2017.
A. Abdulrahman, S. Öztürk “Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü ve Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümü Tabanlı Çoklu Resim Damgalama Yöntemi”, Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP) 2017, Malatya, Türkiye, Doi: 10.1109/IDAP.2017.8090208, 2017.
T.K. Tewari, Vikas Saxena “An Improved and Robust DCT based Digital Image Watermarking Scheme”, International Journal of Computer Applications, 3(1), 28-32, 2010.
C. Das, S. Panigrahi, V.K. Sharma, K.K. Mahapatra, "A Novel Blind Robust Image Watermarking in DCT Domain Using Inter-block Coefficient Correlation", AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 68(3), 244-253, 2014.
B. Ram, "Digital Image Watermarking Technique Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform", International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2(4), 19-27, 2013.
R. Chamlawi, A. Khan, I. Usman, "Authentication and Recovery of Images Using Multiple Watermarks", Computers & Electrical Engineering, 36(3), 578–584, 2010.
G. Yuxi, W. Yanmin, "DWT Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Scrambling Algorithm", World Automation Congress (WAC), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 1-4, 2012.
A. Ahmad, G.R. Sinha, N. Kashyap, "3-Level DWT Image Watermarking Against Frequency and Geometrical Attacks", I.J. Computer Network and Information Security, 12, 58-63, 2014.
P. Pithiya, H. Desai, “DCT based Digital Image Watermarking, De-watermarking & Authentication”. International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET), 2 (3), 213-219, 2013.
R. Chaturvedi, N. Hemrajani, “Analysis of Robust Watermarking Technique using Mid Band DCT Domain for Different Image Formats”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (3), 1-4, 2012.
A. Akter, N.E. Tajnina, M. A. Ullah, "Digital Image Watermarking Based on DWT-DCT: Evaluate for a New Embedding Algorithm", International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1-6, 2014.
M.F.M.E. Bireki, M. F. L. Abdullah, A.A.M. Ukasha, A.A. Elrowayati, "Digital Image Watermarking Based On Joint (DCT-DWT) and Arnold Transform", International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 10(5), 107-118, 2016.
J. Kaur, N. Singh, C. Jain, "An Improved Image Watermarking Technique Implementing 2-DWT and SVD", IEEE International Conference On Recent Trends In Electronics Information Communication Technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, India, 2016.
M.M. Rahman, M.S. Ahammed, M.R. Ahmed, M.N. Izhar, "A Semi Blind Watermarking Technique for Copyright Protection of Image Based on DCT and SVD Domain", The Global Journal of Researches in Engineering (GJRE), 16(7-F), 9-15, 2017.
R.S. Run, S.J. Horng, J.L. Lai, T.W. Kao, R.J. Chen, "An Improved SVD-based Watermarking Technique for Copyright Protection", Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 673–689, 2012.
T. Amiri, M.E. Moghaddam, "A New Visual Cryptography Based Watermarking Scheme Using DWT and SIFT for Multiple Cover Images", Multimedia Tools and Applications, 75(14), 8527– 8543, 2016.
N. Tiwari, N. Hemrajamani, D. Goyal, "Improved Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Hybrid DWT-FFT and SVD Techniques", Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(3), 1-7, 2017.
A.K. Singh, M. Dave, A. Mohan, "Hybrid Technique for Robust and Imperceptible Image Watermarking in DWT–DCT–SVD Domain", National Academy Science Letters, 37(4), 351-358, 2014.
Z. Zhang, C. Wang, X. Zhou, "Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Arnold Transform and DWT-DCT-SVD", IEEE 13th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP2016), Chengdu, China, 805-810, 2016.
R.K. Sheth, V.V. Nath, "Secured Digital Image Watermarking with Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform method", International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, & Automation (ICACCA), Dehradun, India, 1-5, 2016.
G. Budiman, L. Novamizanti, I. Iwut, “Genetics Algorithm Optimization of DWT-DCT based Image Watermarking”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), 795(1), 1-8, 2017.
P. Vaidya, C. Mouli, “A Robust Semi-blind Watermarking for Color Images based on Multiple Decompositions”, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(24), 25623–25656, 2017.
S. Bajracharya, R. Koju, “An Improved DWTSVD based Robust Digital Image Watermarking for Color Image”, International Journal Engineering and Manufacturing, 1(11), 49-59, 2017.
R. Koju, S.R. Joshi, “A Semi-blind Watermarking of Color Images using Slant Transform, DWT and SVD”. International Journal Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 3(12), 62-73, 2017.
A.K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1989.
M. Kaya, Görüntü Dosyalarında Filigran Kullanarak Telif Haklarının Korunması, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007.
S. S. Shankar, A. Rengarajan, “Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Arnold Transform”, ICTACT Journal on Image And Video Processing, 7(1), 1339-1344, 2016.
C. Pradhan, S. Rath, A.K. Bisoi, "Non Blind Digital Watermarking Technique Using DWT and Cross Chaos", Journal of Procedia Technology, 6(2012), 897-904, 2012.
Q. Wang, Q. Ding, Z. Zhang, L. Ding, “Digital Image Encryption Research Based on DWT and Chaos”, Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), Jinan, China, 494-498, 2008.