Suriye'de Radikal Milliyetçilik: Suriye Sosyal Milliyetçi Partisi Örneği

1932'de Beyrut'ta Grek Ortodoks Antun Sa'ade tarafından kurulan Suriye Sosyal Milliyetçi Partisi (SSMP), tarihi, siyasi tecrübesi ve ideolojisiyle sadece Suriye'de değil tüm Arap dünyasındaki en önemli siyasal partilerden biridir. SSMP'nin "Büyük Suriye" idealine dayalı Suriyecilik ideolojisi ve partinin seküler görünümü daima Suriye ve Lübnan'da farklı mezhepsel aidiyetlere sahip olan insanları cezbetmiştir. Bununla birlikte 1955'te Ba'asçı subay Adnan el-Malki'nin suikast sonucu öldürülmesinin ardından SSMP yasa dışı ilan edilmiş ve parti üyeleri yıllarını Suriye hapishanelerinde geçirmiştir. Bundan sonra uzun bir süre SSMP Suriye siyasetinin dışında kalmıştır. 2011'de Suriye'de başlayan ayaklanma SSMP'nin Suriye siyasetine dönüşü ve ülkede yeniden örgütlenmesi için iyi fırsat yaratmıştır. Kötü anılara ve ideolojik farklılıklara rağmen SSMP sivil ve silahlı muhalefete karşı mücadelesinde Suriye Ba'as yönetimine destek vermiş ve bu sayede iç savaştaki önemli siyasi ve askeri aktörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda SSMP'nin ideolojisini, tecrübelerini ve faaliyetlerini tarihsel bir süreç içinde incelemek partinin günümüzde Suriye siyasetindeki önemini anlamayı kolaylaştıracaktır. Makale SSMP'nin iç savaştaki rolüne odaklanmakta ve partinin iç savaş sonrası dönemde Suriye'nin yeniden inşasına muhtemel katkılarını irdelemektedir.

Radical Nationalism in Syria: The Case of Syrian Social Nationalist Party

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) founded by Greek Orthodox Antoun Saadeh in Beirut, in 1932, is one of most significant parties not only in Syria but also in the entire Arab world with its history, political experience and ideology. The SSNP's Pan-Syrianism ideology based on "Great Syria" ideal and its secular outlook became attractive to people from different sects in Syria and Lebanon. However after the 1955 assassination of pro-Baath army officer Adnan al-Malki the SSNP was banned and its members suffered in Syrian jails. Thereafter the SSNP stayed out Syrian politics for a long time. The Syrian uprising of 2011 became an opportunity for the SSNP to return Syrian politics and reorganize in Syria. Despite bad memories and ideological differences, the SSNP has considerably supported to Syrian Ba'ath government's struggle against opposition, thus it became one of most significant political and military actors in the civil war. In this context to examine the ideology, experiences and activities of the SSNP in a historical process would facilitate to understand how important party is in Syrian politics nowadays. This article focuses on the role of SSNP during the civil war and examines its possible contributions to rebuilding of Syria in the post-war era.

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