Müge ÜNAL, Ahmet ÇİLEK, Esra Deniz GÜNER

Adana Katı Atık Toplama Tesisinin Mevcut Yer Seçim Uygunluğunun Konumsal Bilgi Teknolojileri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Belediye katı atık tesisleri dünyadaki kentleşme, sanayileşme, nüfus artışı ve teknolojik gelişmelerin sonucu karar vericilerin (mimarlar, şehir plancıları, yerel makamlar, bakanlar vb.) en uygun yer seçmesine önem kazandırmaktadır. Ancak, uygun depolama alanını belirlemek ve değerlendirmek için çevresel, sosyal, ekonomik ve teknik faktörleri içeren çok disiplinli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Adana’daki çevresel ve sosyo-ekonomik kısıtlamaları dikkate alarak mevcut belediye katı atık tesisinin alan uygunluğu değerlendirmek için çok kriterli bir model geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle depolama sahası uygunluk kriterleri literatür araştırması ile belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada her kriter katman olarak belirlendi ve uygun ve uygun olmayan alanlar Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında analiz edilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise kriterlerin değer aralıkları fuzzy (bulanık mantık) yöntemiyle standardize edilmiştir. Son olarak standardize edilen katmanlar çakıştırılarak uygunluk haritası elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, karar vericiler katı atık depolama sahası için uygun yerin değerlendirilmesi ve seçilmesi gerekliliği ile karşı karşıya kalarak bu çok kriterli analiz yönteminden faydalanabilir. Mevcut katı atık depolama alanının çevre ve sosyal yaşam üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerden dolayı en uygun alan olmadığını göstermektedir, ancak bu çalışma yeni katı atık depolama alanlarının seçiminde ekonomik ve ekolojik faydalar sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Katı Atık Depolama Alanı, CBS, Çok Kriterli Analizler

Evaluation of the Location Selection Suitability of Adana Municipality Solid Waste Facility with Spatial Information Technologies

Municipal solid waste (MSW) gain importance for decision maker (architects, city planners, local authorities, ministries, etc.) to select suitable location, as a results of the rapid urbanization, industrialization, population growth, and technological development in the world. However, multidisciplinary studies involving environmental, social, economic and technical factors are required to decide and evaluate suitable landfill location. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multi-criteria model for evaluating the land use suitability for existing MSW considering environmental and socio-economic constraints in Adana, Turkey. In order to achieve this goal, firstly landfill suitability criteria and their evaluated values were defined by literature review. Secondly, each criteria were defined as a layer and then suitable and unsuitable area were analysed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Thirdly, the criteria were standardized to equalize the value ranges with each other by Fuzzy method. Finally, the standardized criteria maps were overlaid and MSW suitability class were determined in the result map. Consequently, the decision-makers, faced with the need of evaluating and selecting the suitable location for MSW landfill can benefit from this multi-criteria model. The findings of the research indicate that existing MSW landfill is not the best suitable area due to the negative effect on environment and social life, however, this study will provide economic and ecological benefits in the selection of new MSW storage sites.

Keywords:

Siting MSW landfills, GIS, Multi Criteria Decision Making,

PDF

___

Akbari, V., Rajabi, M. A., Chavoshi, S. H., Shams, R. (2008). Landfill Site Selection by Combining GIS and Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Analysis, Case Study: Bandar Abbas, Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal.
Alavi, N., Goudarzi, G., Babaei, A. A., Jaafarzadeh, N., Hosseinzadeh, M. (2013). Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: A case study in Mahshahr County, Iran. Waste Management and Research, 31(1), 98–105. doi:10.1177/0734242X12456092
Aragonés-Beltrán, P., Pastor-Ferrando, J. P., García-García, F., Pascual-Agulló, A. (2010). An Analytic Network Process approach for siting a municipal solid waste plant in the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain). Journal of Environmental Management, 91(5), 1071–1086. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.007
Aydi, A., Zairi, M., Dhia, H. Ben. (2013). Minimization of environmental risk of landfill site using fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchy process, and weighted linear combination methodology in a geographic information system environment. Environmental Earth Sciences, 68(5), 1375–1389. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1836-3
Carver, S. J. (1991). Integrating multi-criteria evaluation with geographical information systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. doi:10.1080/02693799108927858
Cilek, A. (2017). Soil organic carbon losses by water erosion in a Mediterranean watershed. Soil Research. doi:10.1071/SR16053
Cilek, A., Berberoglu, S. (2019). Biotope conservation in a Mediterranean agricultural land by incorporating crop modelling. Ecological Modelling. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.11.008
De Feo, G., De Gisi, S. (2010). Using an innovative criteria weighting tool for stakeholders involvement to rank MSW facility sites with the AHP. Waste Management, 30(11), 2370–2382. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.010
Demesouka, O.E., Vavatsikos, A. P., Anagnostopoulos, K. P. (2013). Suitability analysis for siting MSW landfills and its multicriteria spatial decision support system: Method, implementation and case study. Waste Management, 33(5), 1190–1206. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.030
Demesouka, Olympia E., Anagnostopoulos, K. P., Siskos, E. (2019). Spatial multicriteria decision support for robust land-use suitability: The case of landfill site selection in Northeastern Greece. European Journal of Operational Research, 272(2), 574–586. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2018.07.005
Dörhöfer, G., Siebert, H. (1998). The search for landfill sites - Requirements and implementation in lower Saxony, Germany. Environmental Geology. doi:10.1007/s002540050292
Effat, H. A., Hegazy, M. N. (2012). Mapping potential landfill sites for North Sinai cities using spatial multicriteria evaluation. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 15(2), 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2012.09.002
Ekmekçioĝlu, M., Kaya, T., Kahraman, C. (2010). Fuzzy multicriteria disposal method and site selection for municipal solid waste. Waste Management, 30(8–9), 1729–1736. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.031
Ersoy, H., Bulut, F. (2009). Spatial and multi-criteria decision analysis-based methodology for landfill site selection in growing urban regions. Waste Management and Research, 27(5), 489–500. doi:10.1177/0734242X08098430
Eskandari, M., Homaee, M., Mahmodi, S. (2012). An integrated multi criteria approach for landfill siting in a conflicting environmental, economical and socio-cultural area. Waste Management, 32(8), 1528–1538. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.014
Feo, G. De, De Gisi, S. (2014). Using MCDA and GIS for hazardous waste landfill siting considering land scarcity for waste disposal. Waste Management, 34(11), 2225–2238. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.028
Gbanie, S. P., Tengbe, P. B., Momoh, J. S., Medo, J., Kabba, V. T. S. (2013). Modelling landfill location using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA): Case study Bo, Southern Sierra Leone. Applied Geography, 36, 3–12. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.013
Gemitzi, A., Tsihrintzis, V. A., Voudrias, E., Petalas, C., Stravodimos, G. (2007). Combining geographic information system, multicriteria evaluation techniques and fuzzy logic in siting MSW landfills. Environmental Geology, 51(5), 797–811. doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0359-1
Gorsevski, P. V., Donevska, K. R., Mitrovski, C. D., Frizado, J. P. (2012). Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: A case study using ordered weighted average. Waste Management, 32(2), 287–296. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.023
H-Forman, E., Selly, M. A. (2002). Introduction: Management Decision-Making Today. Decision by Objectives: How to Convince Others that You are Right. doi:10.1142/9789812810694
Khan, M. M. U. H., Vaezi, M., Kumar, A. (2018). Optimal siting of solid waste-to-value-added facilities through a GIS-based assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 610–611, 1065–1075. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.169
Kontos, T. D., Komilis, D. P., Halvadakis, C. P. (2005). Siting MSW landfills with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodology. Waste Management. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.04.002
Malczewski, J. (2004). GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: A critical overview. Progress in Planning. doi:10.1016/j.progress.2003.09.002
Moeinaddini, M., Khorasani, N., Danehkar, A., Darvishsefat, A. A., Zienalyan, M. (2010). Siting MSW landfill using weighted linear combination and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology in GIS environment (case study: Karaj). Waste Management, 30(5), 912–920. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.015
Motlagh, Z. K., Sayadi, M. H. (2015). Siting MSW landfills using MCE methodology in GIS environment (Case study: Birjand plain, Iran). Waste Management, 46, 322–337. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.013
Nas, B., Cay, T., Iscan, F., Berktay, A. (2010). Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya, Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160(1–4), 491–500. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0713-8
Nazari, A., Salarirad, M. M., Bazzazi, A. A. (2012). Landfill site selection by decision-making tools based on fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65(6), 1631–1642. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1137-2
Önüt, S., Soner, S. (2008). Transshipment site selection using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches under fuzzy environment. Waste Management, 28(9), 1552–1559. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2007.05.019
Ramjeawon, T., Beerachee, B. (2008). Site selection of sanitary landfills on the small island of Mauritius using the analytical hierarchy process multi-criteria method. Waste Management and Research, 26(5), 439–447. doi:10.1177/0734242X07080758
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research. doi:10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences. doi:10.1504/ijssci.2008.017590
Sener, B., Süzen, M. L., Doyuran, V. (2006). Landfill site selection by using geographic information systems. Environmental Geology, 49(3), 376–388. doi:10.1007/s00254-005-0075-2
Şener, Ş., Sener, E., Karagüzel, R. (2011). Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: A case study in Senirkent-Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173(1–4), 533–554. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1403-x
Şener, Ş., Şener, E., Nas, B., Karagüzel, R. (2010). Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Beyşehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Management, 30(11), 2037–2046. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.024
Soltani, A., Hewage, K., Reza, B., Sadiq, R. (2015). Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of municipal solid waste management: A review. Waste Management, 35, 318–328. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.010
Su, J. P., Chiueh, P. Te, Hung, M. L., Ma, H. W. (2007). Analyzing policy impact potential for municipal solid waste management decision-making: A case study of Taiwan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 51(2), 418–434. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.10.007
Sumathi, V. R., Natesan, U., Sarkar, C. (2008). GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfill. Waste Management, 28(11), 2146–2160. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.032
Tavares, G., Zsigraiová, Z., Semiao, V. (2011). Multi-criteria GIS-based siting of an incineration plant for municipal solid waste. Waste Management, 31(9–10), 1960–1972. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.04.013
Torabi-Kaveh, M., Babazadeh, R., Mohammadi, S. D., Zaresefat, M. (2016). Landfill site selection using combination of GIS and fuzzy AHP, a case study: Iranshahr, Iran. Waste Management and Research, 34(5), 438–448. doi:10.1177/0734242X16633777
Tuzkaya, G., Önüt, S., Tuzkaya, U. R., Gülsün, B. (2008). An analytic network process approach for locating undesirable facilities: An example from Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(4), 970–983. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.05.004
Unal, M., Cilek, A., Güner, E.D (2019). Implementation of Fuzzy, Simos and SWOT Analysis for Municipal Solid WasteLandfill Site Selection: Adana City Case Study. Waste Management & Research, in Press.
Wang, G., Qin, L., Li, G., Chen, L. (2009). Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: A case study in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(8), 2414–2421. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.12.008
Wu, J., Ma, C., Zhang, D. Z., Xu, Y. (2018). Municipal solid waste management and greenhouse gas emission control through an inexact optimization model under interval and random uncertainties. Engineering Optimization. doi:10.1080/0305215X.2017.1419347
Yildirim, V. (2012). Application of raster-based GIS techniques in the siting of landfills in Trabzon Province, Turkey: A case study. Waste Management and Research, 30(9), 949–960. doi:10.1177/0734242X12445656
Zelenović Vasiljević, T., Srdjević, Z., Bajčetić, R., Vojinović Miloradov, M. (2012). GIS and the analytic hierarchy process for regional landfill site selection in transitional countries: A case study from Serbia. Environmental Management, 49(2), 445–458. doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9792-3