Kil Zeminlerde İnşa Edilen Tünellerdeki Deformasyonlara Aşırı Konsolidasyon Oranının Etkisi

Dünyanın küreselleşmesiyle günümüzde yapılaşma için kullanım alanları azalması ve hızlanan yaşam koşulları sebebiyle ulaşım için yeni güzergahlar oluşturulması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenlerle ulaşım için seçilen yol ve demiryolu güzergahlarının bir kısmı tünellerle geçilmektedir. Ayrıca büyükşehirlerde nüfusun artması buralarda raylı sistemlerle taşımacılığı zorunlu kılmış ve buralarda da tünel inşaatları gereklilik haline dönüşmüştür. Ancak kil zeminlerde yapılan bu tünellerde büyük problemler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu problemlerden dolayı güzergahlar değişmekte, inşaat projeleri tamamlanamamakta, hatta tünel yapımı esnasında tünel açma cihazları tünel içerisinde sıkışarak kullanılamaz hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile analiz yapan Plaxis2D programı kullanarak, farklı aşırı konsolidasyon oranlarına sahip kil zeminlerde yapılan tünellerin deformasyonları incelenmiştir. Tünel modeli Yeni Avusturya Tünel Açma Yöntemi (NATM) kullanılarak oluşturulmuş ve statik ile dinamik yükleme koşullarında kil zemindeki deformasyonlar belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aşırı Konsolidasyon Oranı, Tünel, Kil, Plaxis

The Effect of Over Consolidation Ratio on the Deformations of Tunnels Constructed in Clay Soils

With the globalization of the world, it has become necessary to create new routes for transportation due to the decrease in usage areas for construction and accelerated living conditions. For these reasons, some of the road and railway routes selected for transportation are passed through tunnels. In addition, with the increase in population in metropolitan cities, necessitated transportation by rail systems so tunnel constructions became a necessity here. However, these tunnels made on clay soils can cause major problems. Due to these problems, routes change, construction projects cannot be completed, and even during tunnel construction, tunneling devices become stuck in the tunnel and become unusable. In this study, the deformations of tunnels made in clay soils with different over consolidation ratios were investigated by using Plaxis2D program, which analyzes with the finite element method. The tunnel model was created using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and the deformations in the clay soil were determined under static and dynamic loading conditions.

Keywords:

Over Consolidation Ratio, Tunnel, Clay, Plaxis,

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