Düzenli Depolama Alanlarından Sızıntı Suyunun Mikrodalga Işınlama ile Arıtılmasına Genel Bakış

Artan kentleşme, yaşam standartlarının yükselmesi ve nüfus artışı, katı atık üretimini yükseltmektedir. Katı atıkların kaynağında etkin bir şekilde ayrıştırılması, organik atıkların düşük maliyet ve işletme kolaylığı ile düzenli depolama alanlarında bertaraf edilmesini cazip kılmaktadır. Ancak, düzenli depolama sahalarından kaynaklanan karmaşık yapılara ve yüksek konsantrasyonda kirleticilere sahip olan sızıntı suları, çevresel bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Sızıntı suyu biyolojik ve fiziksel/kimyasal yöntemlerle arıtılabilir. Arıtma hedeflerine bağlı olarak, düzenli depolama sahalarında genellikle birleşik sistemler uygulanır. Mikrodalga (MD) radyasyon teknolojisi, hızlı ve seçici ısıtma kapasitesi, gelişmiş organik karbon mineralizasyonu/ayrışması/çözünürlüğü ve amonyak-azotu buharlaşması nedeniyle atıksu ve sızıntı suyunun arıtılmasında son yıllarda yaygın olarak çalışılmaktadır. Sıcaklık yükselme hızı, hedef sıcaklık, uygulama süresi, MW gücü çöp sızıntı suyunun ayrışmasını etkiler. Çalışmalar, MW radyasyonunun diğer yöntemlerle kombinasyonunun, sızıntı suyundaki organik maddenin ayrışmasını arttırdığını göstermiştir. İleri Oksidasyon Süreçlerinde (İOPs) güçlü serbest radikal oluşumu, sızıntı suyundaki organik maddelerin etkin ve güçlü bir şekilde çözünmesini sağlamaktadır. Hibrit MD-PS (persülfat)süreci, sızıntı suyu hacmi ve kirletici uzaklaştırma oranı dikkate alındığında, depolama sahası sızıntı suyunun arıtılması için uygulanabilir bir yöntem olarak görülmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, düzenli depolama sahasında oluşan sızıntı suyunun arıtımında uygulanan MD süreci güç tüketimi, verimlilik ve işletme maliyeti açısından incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sızıntı suyu arıtımında daha etkin ve verimli kombine MD/İOS süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dezentegrasyon, Hibrit MD/İOS süreci, MD radyasyonu, Sızıntı suyu arıtımı

Increasing urbanization, rising living standards, and population growth are increasing the rate of solid waste production. An effectively source separation of solid wastes makes attractive to dispose of organic wastes in a landfill area with a low cost and ease of operation. However, the leachates, which have complex structures and high concentration of pollutants, originating from landfill sites poses an environmental problem. The leachate could be treated by biological and physical/chemical methods. Depending on the treatment goals, integrated systems are often applied in the sanitary landfill sites. Microwave (MW) radiation technology is widely studied in the treatment of wastewater and leachate in recent years due to its rapid and selective heating capacity, enhanced organic carbon mineralization/decomposition/solubility and ammonia-nitrogen evaporation. The rate of temperature rise, target temperature, application time, and power of MW affects the decomposition of landfill leachate. Studies indicated that the combination of MW radiation with other methods enhanced the decomposition of organic matter in the leachate. Formation of strong free radical in the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) process ensures effective and powerful dissolution of organic substances in the leachate. The hybrid MW-PS (persulphate) process is seen as an applicable method for the treatment of landfill leachate, considering the leachate volume and pollutant removal rate. In this review study, the MW process applied in the treatment of leachate generated in the landfill area was examined in terms of power consumption, efficiency, and operating cost. In addition, more effective and efficient combined MW/AOPs processes in the leachate treatment were also evaluated.

Keywords:

Disintegration, Hybrid MW/AOP processes, MW radiation, Landfill leachate treatment,

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