Elif YAMAN, Esin APAYDIN-VAROL, Hüseyin Tevfik GÜLTAŞ, Nurgül ÖZBAY

Ceviz Kabuğunun Karbonizasyonu ile Elde Edilen Katı Ürününün Toprak Düzenleyicisi Olarak Kullanılması

Biyokütlenin oksijensiz ortamda bozundurulması ile elde edilen piroliz katı ürünü (biyoçar), toprak kalitesini iyileştirici özelliğinden dolayı toprak düzenleyicisi olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, ceviz kabuğundan 500 °C'de biyoçar elde edilmiş ve biyoçar (g):toprak (kg) oranı 5, 10 ve 20 olmak üzere üç farklı oranda biyoçar-toprak karışımları hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen karışımlar 3, 8 ve 12 haftalık sürelerde inkübasyona bırakılmış ve inkübasyon sonunda toprak örneklerinin karakterizasyonu için pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, katyon değiştirme kapasitesi (KDK) ve su tutma kapasitesi (STK) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu-Enerji-Dağılımlı X-Işını (SEM-EDX) tekniği ile inorganik madde miktarı ve Kjeldahl metodu ile azot miktarı belirlenmiştir. Yüksek karbon içeriğine ve gözenekli yapıya sahip olan biyoçar, toprağın elektriksel iletkenlik ve pH değerlerini önemli ölçüde azaltırken, azot miktarını ise artırmıştır. Toprak için su tutma kapasitesi yaklaşık 0.55 g/g olarak belirlenirken, biyoçar-toprak karışımında bu değerin 0.60 g/g’a yükseldiği görülmektedir. Biyoçarın bitki büyüme üzerindeki etkisi incelendiğinde, en verimli sonucun biyoçar (g):toprak (kg) oranının 5 olduğu örnekten elde edildiği belirlenmiştir.

Using of Solid Product Obtained by Carbonization of Walnut Shell as Soil Amendment

Biomass can be used as a soil conditioner due to its soil quality enhancing properties. In this study, walnut shell biochar was produced at 500 °C and mixed with three different doses of soil, including biochar (g):toprak (kg) ratio are 5, 10 and 20. The obtained soil-biochar mixtures were incubated for 3, 8 and 12 weeks. Electrical conductivity, pH measurements, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and water holding capacity (WHC) were carried out to characterize soil samples at the end of incubation periods. The amount of nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) was used to specify the amount of inorganic substance in soil. The biochar with high carbon content and porous structure significantly reduced the pH and electrical conductivity values of the soil and increased the nitrogen amount. While the water holding capacity for the soil is determined as approximately 0.55 g/g, it is seen that this value increases to 0.60 g/g in the biochar-soil mixture. When the effect of biochar on plant growth was examined, it was determined that the most efficient result was obtained from 5 g of biochar/1 kg soil mixture.

Keywords:

Biomass, Biochar, Walnut Shell, Soil pH, pH, pH, pH,

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