Yusuf Murat KARDEŞ, Murat KARAER, Özge Doğanay ERBAŞ KÖSE, Zeki MUT

Arıtılmış Atıksu Uygulamalarının Üç Farklı Mısır (Zea Mays L.) Çeşidinde Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişim Özelliklerine Etkisi

Artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle tatlı su bulunabilirliği sınırlı bir kaynak haline gelmektedir. Atık suyun tarımda yeniden kullanılması yetiştirilen ürünler için yararlı olan besinleri içerdiğinden dikkat çekmiştir. Atık su, bitkileri için besin kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Ancak, hem çevre hemde bitki açısından toksitesi konusunda çok yönlü araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı atık su konsantrasyonlarının (saf su, % 25, % 50, % 75 ve % 100) üç farklı mısır çeşidinin (Kefieros, Kerbanis, Kontigos) çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma, faktöriyel düzende tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine desenine göre 4 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme kontrollü şartlarda 25 ˚C yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme yüzdesi, fide uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen tüm özellikler (çimlenme yüzdesi hariç) ve atık su konsantrasyonları arasında çeşitler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, % 25 atık su konsantrasyonunun çimlenmeyi teşvik ettiği fakat artan konsantrasyonların azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Fide gelişimi üzerine % 75 atık su konsantrasyonunun teşvik edici bir özelliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The Effect of Treated Wastewater Applications on Germination and Seedling Growth in Three Different Corn (Zea Mays L.) Cultivar

Because of increasing world population, fresh water availability is becoming a finite resource. Re-use wastewater for agriculture has attracted attention as it includes nutrients, which are helpful for growing crops. Wastewater may be used as the nutrient source for the growing crops. But the toxicity of its can still be a reason for worry and research. In this study, the effects of different wastewater concentrations (pure water, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) germination and seedling growth of three corn cultivars (Kefieros, Kerbanis, Kontigos) were investigated. The study was carried out as with four replications according to randomized complete block design as a factorial. Trial was founded at 25 ˚C under controlled conditions. Seed germination, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight and dry weight, shoot fresh weight and dry weight were investigated. Among the cultivars in terms of all traits examined (except for seed germination) and among wastewater concentrations in terms of all properties were found as statistically significant differences. In the study, it was determined that 25% waste water concentration increased seed germination, but increased doses decreased seed germination. It was determined that wastewater up to 75% concentration has an encouraging feature on seedling development.

Keywords:

Corn, Waste water, germination, seedling,

PDF

___

[1] Srivastava, R.K. (1991). Effect of paper mill effluent on seed germination and early growth performance of radish and onion. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 1: 13-18.
[2] Angelakis, A. N., Do Monte, M. M., Bontoux, L., & Asano, T. (1999). The status of wastewater reuse practice in the Mediterranean basin: need for guidelines. Water research, 33 (10), 2201-2217.
[3] Papadopoulos, I. (1995). Wastewater Management for Agriculture Protection in the Near East Region; FAO, Regional Office for the Near East: Cairo, Egypt, Tech. Bull. pp. 56-58.
[4] Gori, R., Ferrini, F., Nicese, F.P., & Lubello C (2000). Effect of reclaimed wastewater on the growth and nutrient content of three landscape shrubs. J. Environ. Hortic., 18(2), 108-114.
[5] Mohammad, M. J., & Athamneh, B. M. (2004). Changes in soil fertility and plant uptake of nutrients and heavy metals in response to sewage sludge application to calcareous soils. Journal of Agronomy, 3(3), 229- 236.
[6] Ahmad, A., Inam, A., Ahmad, I., Hyat, S., & Azam, Z.M. (2003). Response of sugarcane to treated wastewater of oil refinery. J. Environ. Biol. 24(2), 141-146.
[7] Khan, M. A., Shaukat, S. S., & Khan, M. A. (2008). Economic benefits from irrigation of maize with treated effluent of waste stabilization ponds. Pak. J. Bot, 40(3), 1091-1098.
[8] Khan, M. A., Shaukat, S. S., Hany, O., & Jabeen, S. (2010). Irrigation of sorghum crop with waste stabilization pond effluent: growth and yield responses. Pak. J. Bot, 42(3), 1665-1674.
[9] Food Agriculture Organization. (2019). Statistical Databases, http://faostat.fao.org, (erişim tarihi: 20.02.2020).
[10] Taşdan K. (2016). T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, Mısır Durum / Tahmin (2016 / 2017) Yayın No: 280, ISBN: 978- 605-9175-67-8.
[11] Kaplan, M., Karaman, K., Kardes, Y. M., & Kale, H. (2019). Phytic acid content and starch properties of maize (Zea mays L.): Effects of irrigation process and nitrogen fertilizer. Food chemistry, 283, 375-380.
[12] Daud, M.K., Hassan, S., Azizullah, A., Jamil, M., Rehan, N., Irum, R., Qaiser, MK., & Zhu, SJ (2016). Physiological, biochemical, and genotoxic effects of wastewater on maize seedlings. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(2), 563-571.
[13] Atak, M., Kaya, M. D., Kaya, G., Çikili, Y., & Çiftçi, C. Y. (2006). Effects of NaCl on the germination, seedling growth and water uptake of triticale. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30(1), 39-47.
[14] Khan, M. G., Daniel, G., Konjit, M., Thomas, A., Eyasu, S. S., & Awoke, G. (2011). Impact of textile waste water on seed germination and some physiological parameters in pea (Pisum sativum L.), Lentil (Lens esculentum L.) and gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 10(4), 269.
[15] Nagda, G. K., Diwan, A. M., & Ghole, V. S. (2006). Seed germination bioassays to assess toxicity of molasses fermentation based bulk drug industry effluent. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 5(6), 1598-1603.
[16] Food Agriculture Organization. (2013). Statistical Databases, http://faostat.fao.org, (erişim tarihi: 20.01.2020).
[17] Jalali, M., Merikhpour, H., Kaledhonkar, M. J., & Van Der Zee, S. E. A. T. M. (2008). Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. Agricultural water management, 95(2), 143-153.
[18] Feizi, M., & Rastghalam, Z. (2012). The effect of treated wastewater irrigation on accumulation of heavy metals in selected plants. In The 1 st International and The 4 th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, April (pp. 26-27).
[19] Al-Jasser, A. O. (2011). Saudi wastewater reuse standards for agricultural irrigation: Riyadh treatment plants effluent compliance. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 23(1), 1-8.
[20] Kiziloglu, F., Turan, M., Sahin, U., Angin, I., Anapali, O., & Okuroglu, M. (2007). Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil and cabbage‐plant (brassica olerecea var. capitate cv. yalova‐1) chemical properties. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170(1), 166-172.
[21] Dash, A.K. (2012). Impact of domestic waste water on seed germination and physiological parameters of rice and wheat. Int. J. Res. Rev. Appl. Sci.12: 280-286
[22] Daifi, H., Alemad, A., Khadmaoui, A., El hadi, M., El kharrim, K., & Belghyti, D. (2015). Effect of purified industrial wastewater on the growth of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 3 (4), 57-64
[23] Daud, M.K., Hassan, S., Azizullah, A., Jamil, M., Rehan, N., Irum, R., Qaiser, MK., & Zhu, S.J. (2016). Physiological, biochemical, and genotoxic effects of wastewater on maize seedlings. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(2), 563-571.
24] Ramana, S., Biswas, AK., Kundu, S., Saha, J.K., Yadav, R.B.R. (2002). Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination in some vegetable crops. Biores. Technol., 82, 273-275.
[25] Yousaf, I., Ali, S.M., & Yasmin, A. (2010). Germination and early growth response of Glycine max varieties in textile and paper industry effluents. Pak. J. Bot. 42: 3857-3863.
[26] Mohammad A, Khan AU (1985). Effect of textile factory effluent on soil and crop plants. Environ. Pollun. (Series A) 37, 131-148.
[27] Munir, J., Rusan, M., Hinnawi, S., & Rusan, L. (2007). Long term effect of wastewater irrigation of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination, 215, 143-152.
[28] Alizadeh, A., Bazari, M.E., Velayati, S., Hasheminia, M., & Yaghmaie, A. (2001). Irrigation of corn with wastewater. In: Ragab G, Pearrce J, chakgkim S, Nairizi A. Hamdy (Eds.), ICID International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse and Management. Seoul, Korea, pp. 147-154.
[29] Kardeş, Y. M., Mut, Z., Gültaş, H. T., Erbaş Köse, Ö. D., & Karaer, M. (2019). Effect of Treated Wastewater on Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Different Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivar. III. International Eurasian Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress, 17-20 October, s. 505-511, Antalya.