Böbrek Hastalıkları ve Mikro Besin Ögeleri

Kronik böbrek hastalıkları, farklı mikro besin ögelerinin eksikliğine ya da toksisite yaratacak düzeyde fazlalığına neden olabilmektedir. Mikro besin ögeleri düzeylerinde meydana gelen bu anormallikler çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak gelişmektedir. Diyet kısıtlamaları ve anoreksiya bir mikro besin ögesinin yetersiz alımına yol açarken, diüretik kullanımı ve renal replasman tedavisi aşırı kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca besin ögelerinin emiliminde değişiklikler meydana gelmekte ve metabolizmaları bozulmaktadır. Kronik böbrek hastalarının mikro besin ögesi gereksinmelerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, yüksek mortalite, artan ateroskleroz riski, inflamasyon, oksidatif stres, anemi, polinöropati, ensefalopati, halsizlik, kas krampları, kemik hastalıkları, depresyon veya uykusuzluk gibi vitamin ve mineral bozuklukları ile ilişkili birçok komplikasyon üzerinde etkili olabilir. Derleme olarak hazırlanan bu makalede, kronik böbrek hastalıklarının farklı evrelerinde mikro besin ögesi durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve gereksinmelere yönelik güncel bilgilerin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Renal Diseases and Micronutrients

Chronic kidney diseases may lead to one to either deficiency or toxic excess of different micronutrients. Abnormalities of micronutrient levels in CKD develop for several reasons. While dietary restrictions and anorexia lead to inadequate intake of micronutrients, renal replacement therapy and use of diuretic cause excessive losses. Also, changes occur in the absorption of nutrients and their metabolisms are impaired. The better understanding of the micronutrient requirements of patients with chronic kidney disease may have impact on several complications associated with vitamin and mineral disorders such as high mortality, increased risk of atherosclerosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, anemia, polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, weakness, muscle cramps, bone diseases, depression or insomnia. This review is aimed to evaluate the status of micronutrients in different stages of chronic kidney diseases and to share the current information about the requirements.

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