When we look back upon man's long past, the following question occurs: how and by what processes has this being, which we call man, come to be what be is to-day? It is only through a long and gradual process of many hundreds of thousand years, subsequent to a long biological evolution, that this living organism called Man has become man in the modern, cultural sense of the word. This means that, in the life-time of man as a species, an evolution in the cultural sense of the word has been added to the biological one: the transition from a man-like being to one that can truely be called man, the emergence of cultural elements juxtaposed to the biological ones and in time gaining in importance; that is what we bere, to-day, mean by culture history.

There are many tumuli between Karacasu and Aphrodisias. Three of them had been robbed by the antiquities smugglers. The structures of them had different characteristics and they gaye to us some types of the tombs in Caria during the late Helenistic and early Roman period. So, three tumuli were excavated in 1968 by a team on behalf of the EEMG, under the direction of Prof. K. Erim.