Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Yoğunlaşma ve Rekabet: 1995-2005

Diğer iktisadi kesimlerle olan karmaşık ve yakın ilişkisinden dolayı bankalarda oluşabilecek sorunlar tüm ekonomiye yansıdığından, bankacılık sektörünün piyasa yapısı ve rekabet ortamı her zaman ilgi odağı olmuştur. Nitekim piyasa yapısını takip etmek açısından yoğunlaşma ölçütleri (Herfindahl) Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde ve Avrupa Birliği’nde ilgili düzenlemelere yansımıştır. Geleneksel yaklaşımlardan farklı olarak, bu çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektöründeki yoğunlaşma aktifler, krediler, mevduat ve ciro açısından eşzamanlı ele alınmıştır. Piyasa yapısını daha ayrıntılı değerlendirmek amacıyla ise statik yoğunlaşma ölçütlerinin yanı sıra hâkimiyet, farklılık ve dinamik endeksler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre ilgili piyasalardaki yoğunlaşma 1995–1999 yılları arasında azalma eğilimi, 2000–2005 yılları arasında artış eğimli göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, sektörde geçerli fiyat olarak görülebilecek net faiz marjları her iki dönemde de azalış trendi sergilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ekonomik analizler

Concentration and Competition in the Turkish Banking Sector: 1995-2005

Due to the complex and close interaction of banks with other economic units, any trouble in banking sector might have repercussion on the whole economy which makes the market structure and competition in banking sector as a cynosure. In fact, in order to understand the market structure, concentration measures (Herfindahl) have been incorporated in the relevant regulations of United States of America and European Union. In this research, apart from the traditional approaches, concentration in the Turkish banking sector has been considered simultaneously in terms of assets, loans, deposit and turnover. In order to analyze market structure more comprehensively; dominance, disparity and dynamic indexes have been used in addition to static measures. According to the findings of this study, concentration in the relevant markets shows decreasing trend in the period of 1995-1999 and increasing tendency in 2000-2005. However, net interest margins which can be seen as the relevant prices in the sector have declined in both periods.

Keywords:

economic analysis,

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