Finansal Kapsayıcılığın Gelişmesinde Katılım Bankacılığının Rolü: Katılım Bankacılığı Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksinin Hesaplanması

Gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde tüm yetişkinlerin finansal ürün ve hizmetlere erişebildiği ve tasarruflarını finansal araçlarla sağladığı bir piyasa oluşturmak politika yapıcılar ve düzenleyiciler için bir öncelik haline gelmektedir. Dini inanışlarını gerekçe göstererek kendilerine uygun finansal ürün ve hizmetlerin bulunmadığını veya kısıtlı olarak bulunduğunu düşünen ve bundan dolayıkendilerini finansal hizmetlerden dışlayan yetişkinlerin finansal sisteme dahil edilmesi finansal kapsayıcılık boyutunun artmasında büyük öneme sahiptir. Sarma’nın (2008) literatüre kazandırdığı finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi ile bankacılık hizmetlerinin erişilebilirlik, kullanılabilirlik ve kullanım boyutları üzerinden finansal kapsayıcılığın ölçülmesi mümkün hale gelmiştir. Endeks 0 ile 1 arasında değerler almakta ve 0 finansal kapsayıcılığın dışında kalındığını1 ise finansal kapsayıcılığın tam olarak sağlandığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada 2007-2019 yıllarını kapsayan Türkiye’deki 81 il için Katılım Bankacılığı için finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan endeks değerlerinin genel olarak çok düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu da Katılım Bankacılığının henüz illerde yeni yeni yaygınlaşmaya başlamasıyla açıklanabilir.Katılım Bankacılığı finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi değerlerine göre en yüksek finansal kapsayıcılığa sahip üç ilin İstanbul, Ankara ve Konya olduğu en düşük finansal kapsayıcılığa sahip üç ilin ise Hakkari, Artvin ve Tunceli olduğu tespit edilmiştir

The Role of Islamic Banking in the Development of Financial Inclusion: Calculation of Islamic Banking Financial Inclusion Index

In emerging economies, creating a market where all adults can access financial products and services and provide their savings through financial instruments is becoming a priority for policy makers and regulators. The inclusion of adults who think that their financial beliefs are not available or have limited financial products and services and therefore exclude them from financial services is of great importance in increasing the financial inclusion dimension. With the financial inclusion index that Sarma’s (2008) has brought to the literature, it has become possible to measure financial inclusion through the accessibility, usability and usage dimensions of banking services. The index takes values between 0 and 1 and 0 indicates that the financial inclusion is excluded and 1 indicates that the financial inclusion is fully achieved. In this study the Islamic banking for financial inclusion index of 81 provinces in Turkey, covering the years 2007 to 2019 was established. It has been determined that the created index values are generally very low. This can be explained by the fact that İslami Banking has just started to become widespread in the provinces. According to the İslami Banking financial inclusion index values, the three provinces with the highest financial inclusion were Istanbul, Ankara and Konya, while the three with the lowest financial inclusion were Hakkari, Artvin and Tunceli.

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