Orhan KELLECİ, Süheyla Esin KÖKSAL, Gül TEKİNGÜNDÜZ

Duvar Kağıdı ve Ahşap Kaplama ile Lamine Edilen Yonga Levhaların Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Öz – Bu çalışmada yonga levha yüzeyine laminasyon işlemi levha üretimi sırasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve soğutma, zımparalama ve ayrı bir laminasyon işlemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmadan levha üretilerek odun hammaddesinden, zamandan, işçilikten ve maliyetten tasarruf sağlanma olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, tek sıcak pres işlemi ile levha yüzeyleri duvar kağıdı (WP) ve kayın kaplama (BV) ile kaplanmış ve kullanıma hazır levhalar elde edilmiştir. Levhalar, tek kat 16 mm kalınlığında hazırlanan yonga levha taslağının yüzeyine duvar kağıdı ve kayın kaplama yerleştirilip preslenerek elde edilmiştir. Yüzeyde ince odun talaşı kullanılmamıştır. Levha yüzeylerini kaplamak için 1mm kalınlıkta kayın kaplama ve 300 gr/m2 duvar kağıdı kullanılmıştır. Levha üretimi için % 2 rutubette talaşa (CL) tam kuru ağırlığına oranla % 10 katı üre formaldehit (UF) ve katı tutkal oranına göre % 4 katı amonyum sülfat (AS) kullanılmıştır. UF ve AS sırasıyla % 65 ve % 30 konsantrasyonda hazırlanarak yongalara basınçlı hava ile püskürtülmüştür. Levhalar 190°C'de, 10 dakika boyunca 30 kg/cm2 basınç uygulanarak 650 kg/m3 yoğunlukta üretilmiştir. Yoğunluk, su alma (WA), kalınlığına şişme (TS), eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülü (MOR ve MOE), yüzeye dik yapışma direnci (IB), yoğunluk profili ve formaldehit emisyonu ilgili TSE standartlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kaplanmış yonga levhaların yüzeye dik yapışma dirençleri kontrol örneklerinden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ancak levhaların kayın kaplama ve duvar kağıtları ile kaplanması, eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülünün kontrol örneklerinden daha yüksek olmasına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca kaplanmış levhalarda formaldehit emisyonlarının kontrol örneklerinden daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile yonga levhaların kaplama malzemeleri ile aynı anda preslenerek üretilmesinin mümkün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak iç yapışma direncinin düşük olması sebebiyle kaplamalı olarak üretilen levhalar mobilya üretimine uygun görülmemekle birlikte bu levhalar prefabrik ev duvarı gibi inşaat yapı malzemesi üretiminde değerlendirilebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Formaldehit emisyonu, yonga levha, üretim verimliliği, ahşap esaslı panel

Production and Characterization of Particle Board Laminated with Wall-paper and Wood Veneer

In this study, the lamination process on the particle board (PB) surface was carried out during the board production and the possibilities of saving wood raw material, time, labor and cost by producing the board without the need for cooling, sanding and a separate lamination process were investigated. For this purpose, ready-to-use boards were obtained by covering the board surfaces with wallpaper (WP) and beech veneer (BV) with a single hot press process. The boards were obtained by placing wallpaper and beech veneer on the surface of the chipboard draft prepared in a single layer with a thickness of 16 mm and pressing. No fine wood chips were used on the surface. 1mm thickness BV and 300 gr/m2 WP were used to cover the PB surfaces. Urea formaldehyde (UF) was treated the surface of 2 % humid wood chips (CL) according to its dry weight by 10 % and ammonium sulfate (AS) with 4 % according to solid UF. Concentration of UF and AS were 65 % and 30 % before the treated the wood chips. Particle boards were produced at 650 kg/m3, at 190°C for 10 minute, by applying 30 kg/cm2 pressure on PB. Density, water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of rupture and elasticity (MOR and MOE), internal bond (IB), density profile and formaldehyde emission were determined according to the relevant TSE standards. According to the obtained results, IB strength of the coated PBs were lower than the control PB. But MOR and MOE strength were high then control samples due to BV and WP. Formaldehyde emissions of covered PBs were less than control samples. As a result, it was concluded that it is possible to produce the PB by pressing at the same time with coating materials. However, it is not currently suitable for furniture production due to its low IB strength, but it can be used as construction building material such as prefabricated house wall.

Keywords:

Formaldehyde emissions, particleboard, production efficiency, wood-based panel.,

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