Residual Fragments after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

1. Osman MM, Alfano Y, Kamp S, Haecker A, Alken P, Michel MS, et al. 5-year follow-up of patients with clinically insignificant residual fragments after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. EurUrol 2005;47:860-4. [CrossRef] 2. Pearle MS, Watamull LM, Mullican MA. Sensitivity of noncontrast helical computerized tomography and plain film radiography compared to flexible nephroscopy for detecting residual fragments after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 1999;162:23-6. [CrossRef] 3. Skolarikos A, Papatsoris AG. Diagnosis and management of postpercutaneous nephrolithotomy residual stone fragments. JEndourol 2009;23:1751-5. [CrossRef] 4. Daggett LM, Harbaugh BL, Collum LA. Post-ESWL, clinically insignificant residual stones: Reality or myth? Urology 2002;59:20-4. [CrossRef] 5. Osman Y, El-Tabey N, Refai H, Elnahas A, Shoma A, Eraky I, et al. Detection of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Role of noneennhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 2008;179:198-200. [CrossRef] 6. Rassweiler JJ, Renner C, Chaussy C, Thuroff S. Treatment of renal stones by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: an update. EurUrol 2001; 39:187- 99. [CrossRef] 7. Carr LK, D’A Honey J, Jewett MA, Ibanez D, Ryan M, Bombardier C. New stone formation: A comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 1996;155:1565-7. [CrossRef] 8. Candau C, Saussine C, Lang H, Roy C, Faure F, Jacqmin D. Natural history of residual renal stone fragments after ESWL. EurUrol 2000;37:18-22. [CrossRef] 9. Ganpule A, Desai M. Fate of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A critical analysis. J Endourol2009; 23:399-403. [CrossRef] 10. Raman JD, Bagrodia A, Gupta A, Bensalah K, Cadeddu JA, Lotan Y, et al. Natural history of residual fragments following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 2009;181:1163-8. [CrossRef] 11. Altunrende F, Tefekli A, Stein RJ, Autorino R, Yuruk E, Laydner H, et al. Clinically insignificant residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: medium-term follow-up. J Endourol 2011;25:941-5. [CrossRef] 12. Olcott EW, Sommer FG, Napel S. Accuracy of detection and measurement of renal calculi: in vitro comparison of three-dimensional spiral CT, radiography and nephrotomography. Radiology. 1997;204:19-25. 13. Ray AA, Ghiculete PKT, Honey RJ. Limitations to ultrasound in the detection and measurement of urinary tract calculi. Urology 2010;76:295-300. [CrossRef] 14. Dundee P, Bouchier-Hayes D, Haxhimolla H, Dowling R, Costello A. Renal tract calculi: comparison of stone size on plain radiography and noncontrast spiral CT scan. J Endourol 2006;20:1005-9. [CrossRef] 15. Van Appledorn S, Ball AJ, Patel VR, Kim S, Leveillee RJ. Limitations of noncontrast CT for measuring ureteral stones. J Endourol 2003;17:851-4. [CrossRef] 16. Sacks E, Fajardo L, Hillman B, Drach G, Gaines J, Claypool H, et al: Prospective comparison of plain abdominal radiography with conventional and digital renal tomography in assessing renal extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients. J Urol 1990;144:1341-6. 17. Jewett M, Bombardier C, Caron D, Ryan M, Gray R, St. Louis E, et al. Potential for inter-observer and intra-observer variability in x-ray review to establish stone-free rates after lithotripsy. J Urol 1992;147:559-62. 18. Palmer J, Donaher E, O’Riordan M and Dell K. Diagnosis of pediatric urolithiasis: role of ultrasound and computerized tomography. J Urol 2005;174:1413-6. [CrossRef] 19. Park J, Hong B, Park T, Park HK. Effectiveness of non- contrast computed tomography in evaluation of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 2007;21:684-7. [CrossRef] 20. Jackman SV, Potter SR, Regan F, Jarrett TW. Plain abdominal xray versus computerized tomography screening: sensitivity for stone localization after nonenhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 2000;164:308-10. [CrossRef] 21. Eisner BH, McQuaid JW, Hyams E, Matlaga BR. Nephrolithiasis: what surgeons need to know. AJR 2011;196:1274-8. [CrossRef] 22. Portis AJ, Laliberte MA, Holtz C, Ma W, Rosenberg MS, Bretzke CA. Confident intra- operative decision making during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Does this patient need a second look? Urology 2008;71:218-22 [CrossRef] 23. Hemal AK, Goel A, Aron M, Seth A, Dogra PN, Gupta NP. Evaluation of fragmentation with single or multiple pulse setting of Lithoclast for renal calculi during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and its impact on clearance. Urol Int 2003;70:265-8. [CrossRef] 24. Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE. AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 2005;173:1991-2000. [CrossRef] 25. Hegarty NJ, Desai MM. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy requiring multiple tracts: comparison of morbidity with single-tract procedures. J Endourol 2006;20:753-60. [CrossRef] 26. Aron M, Yadav R, Goel R, Kolla SB, Gautam G, Hemal AK, et al. Multi tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large complete staghorn calculi. UrolInt 2005;75:327-32. [CrossRef] 27. Akman T, Sari E, Binbay M, Yuruk E, Tepeler A, Kaba M, et al. Comparison of Outcomes After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy of Staghorn Calculi in Those with Single and Multiple Accesses J Endourol. June 2010;24:955-60. 28. Kang DE, Maloney MM, Haleblian GE, et al. Effect of medical management on recurrent stone formation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 2007;177:1785-9. [CrossRef] 29. Lojanapiwat B; Tanthanuch M; Pripathanont C; Ratchanon S; Srinualnad S; Taweemonkongsap T; Kanyok S; Lammongkolkul. Alkaline citrate reduces stone recurrence and regrowth after shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Int. braz j urol. vol.37 no.5 Rio de Janeiro Sept.Oct. 2011 30. Streem SB, Yost A, Dolmatch B. Combination ‘‘sandwich’’ therapy for extensive renal calculi in 100 consecutive patients: Immediate, long-term and stratified results from a 10-year experience. J Urol 1997;15

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1. Osman MM, Alfano Y, Kamp S, Haecker A, Alken P, Michel MS, et al. 5-year follow-up of patients with clinically insignificant residual fragments after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. EurUrol 2005;47:860-4. [CrossRef]
2. Pearle MS, Watamull LM, Mullican MA. Sensitivity of noncontrast helical computerized tomography and plain film radiography compared to flexible nephroscopy for detecting residual fragments after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 1999;162:23-6. [CrossRef]
3. Skolarikos A, Papatsoris AG. Diagnosis and management of postpercutaneous nephrolithotomy residual stone fragments. JEndourol 2009;23:1751-5. [CrossRef]
4. Daggett LM, Harbaugh BL, Collum LA. Post-ESWL, clinically insignificant residual stones: Reality or myth? Urology 2002;59:20-4. [CrossRef]
5. Osman Y, El-Tabey N, Refai H, Elnahas A, Shoma A, Eraky I, et al. Detection of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Role of noneennhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 2008;179:198-200. [CrossRef]
6. Rassweiler JJ, Renner C, Chaussy C, Thuroff S. Treatment of renal stones by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: an update. EurUrol 2001; 39:187- 99. [CrossRef]
7. Carr LK, D’A Honey J, Jewett MA, Ibanez D, Ryan M, Bombardier C. New stone formation: A comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 1996;155:1565-7. [CrossRef]
8. Candau C, Saussine C, Lang H, Roy C, Faure F, Jacqmin D. Natural history of residual renal stone fragments after ESWL. EurUrol 2000;37:18-22. [CrossRef]
9. Ganpule A, Desai M. Fate of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A critical analysis. J Endourol2009; 23:399-403. [CrossRef]
10. Raman JD, Bagrodia A, Gupta A, Bensalah K, Cadeddu JA, Lotan Y, et al. Natural history of residual fragments following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 2009;181:1163-8. [CrossRef]
11. Altunrende F, Tefekli A, Stein RJ, Autorino R, Yuruk E, Laydner H, et al. Clinically insignificant residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: medium-term follow-up. J Endourol 2011;25:941-5. [CrossRef]
12. Olcott EW, Sommer FG, Napel S. Accuracy of detection and measurement of renal calculi: in vitro comparison of three-dimensional spiral CT, radiography and nephrotomography. Radiology. 1997;204:19-25.
13. Ray AA, Ghiculete PKT, Honey RJ. Limitations to ultrasound in the detection and measurement of urinary tract calculi. Urology 2010;76:295-300. [CrossRef]
14. Dundee P, Bouchier-Hayes D, Haxhimolla H, Dowling R, Costello A. Renal tract calculi: comparison of stone size on plain radiography and noncontrast spiral CT scan. J Endourol 2006;20:1005-9. [CrossRef]
15. Van Appledorn S, Ball AJ, Patel VR, Kim S, Leveillee RJ. Limitations of noncontrast CT for measuring ureteral stones. J Endourol 2003;17:851-4. [CrossRef]
16. Sacks E, Fajardo L, Hillman B, Drach G, Gaines J, Claypool H, et al: Prospective comparison of plain abdominal radiography with conventional and digital renal tomography in assessing renal extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients. J Urol 1990;144:1341-6.
17. Jewett M, Bombardier C, Caron D, Ryan M, Gray R, St. Louis E, et al. Potential for inter-observer and intra-observer variability in x-ray review to establish stone-free rates after lithotripsy. J Urol 1992;147:559-62.
18. Palmer J, Donaher E, O’Riordan M and Dell K. Diagnosis of pediatric urolithiasis: role of ultrasound and computerized tomography. J Urol 2005;174:1413-6. [CrossRef]
19. Park J, Hong B, Park T, Park HK. Effectiveness of non- contrast computed tomography in evaluation of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 2007;21:684-7. [CrossRef]
20. Jackman SV, Potter SR, Regan F, Jarrett TW. Plain abdominal xray versus computerized tomography screening: sensitivity for stone localization after nonenhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 2000;164:308-10. [CrossRef]
21. Eisner BH, McQuaid JW, Hyams E, Matlaga BR. Nephrolithiasis: what surgeons need to know. AJR 2011;196:1274-8. [CrossRef]
22. Portis AJ, Laliberte MA, Holtz C, Ma W, Rosenberg MS, Bretzke CA. Confident intra- operative decision making during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Does this patient need a second look? Urology 2008;71:218-22 [CrossRef]
23. Hemal AK, Goel A, Aron M, Seth A, Dogra PN, Gupta NP. Evaluation of fragmentation with single or multiple pulse setting of Lithoclast for renal calculi during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and its impact on clearance. Urol Int 2003;70:265-8. [CrossRef]
24. Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE. AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 2005;173:1991-2000. [CrossRef]
25. Hegarty NJ, Desai MM. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy requiring multiple tracts: comparison of morbidity with single-tract procedures. J Endourol 2006;20:753-60. [CrossRef]
26. Aron M, Yadav R, Goel R, Kolla SB, Gautam G, Hemal AK, et al. Multi tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large complete staghorn calculi. UrolInt 2005;75:327-32. [CrossRef]
27. Akman T, Sari E, Binbay M, Yuruk E, Tepeler A, Kaba M, et al. Comparison of Outcomes After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy of Staghorn Calculi in Those with Single and Multiple Accesses J Endourol. June 2010;24:955-60.
28. Kang DE, Maloney MM, Haleblian GE, et al. Effect of medical management on recurrent stone formation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 2007;177:1785-9. [CrossRef]
29. Lojanapiwat B; Tanthanuch M; Pripathanont C; Ratchanon S; Srinualnad S; Taweemonkongsap T; Kanyok S; Lammongkolkul. Alkaline citrate reduces stone recurrence and regrowth after shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Int. braz j urol. vol.37 no.5 Rio de Janeiro Sept.Oct. 2011
30. Streem SB, Yost A, Dolmatch B. Combination ‘‘sandwich’’ therapy for extensive renal calculi in 100 consecutive patients: Immediate, long-term and stratified results from a 10-year experience. J Urol 1997;158:342-5. [CrossRef]
31. Merhej S, Jabbour M, Samaha E, Chalouhi E, Moukarzel M, Khour R, et al. Treatment of staghorn calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and SWL: The Hotel Dieu de France experience. J Endourol 1998;12:5-8. [CrossRef]
32. Denstedt JD, Clayman RV, Picus DD. Comparison of endoscopic and radiological residual fragment rate following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. J Urol 1991;145:703-5.
33. Pearle MS, Watamull LM, Mullican MA. Sensitivity of non- contrast helical computerized tomography and plain film radiography compared to flexible nephroscopy for detecting residual fragments after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 1999;162:23-6. [CrossRef]
34. Breda A, Ogunyemi O, Leppert JT, Lam JS, Schulam PG. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for single intrarenal stones 2 cm or greater - is this the new frontier? J Urol 2008;179:981-4. [CrossRef]
35. Traxer O, Dubosq F, Jamali K, Gattegno B, Thibault P. New- generation flexible ureterorenoscopes are more durable than previous ones. Urology 2006;68:276-80. [CrossRef]
36. Akman T, Binbay M, Ozgor F et al. Comparison of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde flexible nephrolithotripsy for the management of 2-4 cm stones: a matched-pair analysis. BJU Int 2011.
37. Valdivia Uría JG, Valle Gerhold J, López López JA, Villarroya Rodriguez S, Ambroj Navarro C, Ramirez Fabián M, et al. Technique and complications of percutaneous nephroscopy: experience with 557 patients in the supine position. J Urol 1998;160:1975-8. [CrossRef]
38. Ibarluzea G, Scoffone CM, Cracco CM, Poggio M, Porpiglia F, Terrone C, et al. Supine Valdivia and modified lithotomy position for simultaneous anterograde and retrograde endourological access. BJU Int 2007;100:233-6. [CrossRef]
39. Scoffone CM, Cracco CM, Cossu M, Grande S, Poggio M, Scarpa RM. Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position: a new standard for percutaneous nephrolithotomy? EurUrol 2008;54:1393-403. [CrossRef]
40. Hoznek A, Rode J, Ouzaid I, Faraj B, Kimuli M, de la Taille A, et al. Modified Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Large Kidney and Ureteral Stones: Technique and Results. EurUrol 2012;61:164-70. [CrossRef]
41. Woodside JR, Stevens GF, Stark GL, Borden TA, Ball WS. Percutaneous stone removal in children.J Urol 1985;134:1166-7.
42. Jackman SV, Hedican SP, Peters CA, Docimo SG. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants and preschool age children: experience with a new technique. Urology 1998;52:697-701. [Cross- Ref]
43. Desai MR, Kukreja RA, Patel SH, Bapat SD. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex pediatric renal calculus disease. J Endourol 2004;18:23-7. [CrossRef]
44. Dawaba MS, Shokeir AA, Hafez AT, Shoma AM, El-Sherbiny MT, Mokhtar A, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: early and late anatomical and functional results. J Urol 2004;172:1078-81. [CrossRef]
45. Afshar K, McLorie G, Papanikolaou F, Malek R, Harvey E, Pippi- Salle JL, et al. Outcome of small residual stone fragments following shock wave lithotripsy in children. J Urol 2004;172:1600-3. [CrossRef]