Mimarlık kuramlarında tip ve tipoloji kavramları

Tipoloji, nesneleri fiziksel ya da diğer özelliklerine dayanarak tiplere ayırmak için yapılan çalışmalara verilen addır. Tarihte ilk kez Aydınlanma Çağı’nda önem kazanan tipolojik yaklaşım, günümüzde mantıksal-matematiksel bilimlerle sosyo-kültürel bilimler arasında, ortak amaçları çerçevesinde iletişimi sağlayabilen önemli bir bakış açısı konumundadır. Bu yazıda, mimarlık söyleminde yer alan tip ve tipoloji kuramları, ortaya çıktıkları üç ayrı tarihsel düzlemde incelenmiştir. Mimarlık alanında ilk tip kuramı yine Aydınlanma Çağı’nda ortaya atılırken, ikinci kuram Modernist ideolojiye, üçüncü kuram ise Neo-Rasyonel yaklaşıma dayanarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, entellektüel tarihte çok önemli bir yer tutan tip ve tipoloji kavramlarının, mimarlığı ve mimarlığın içinde bulunduğu tarihsel ve sosyo-kültürel etkenleri anlamamız için önemini vurgulamaktır. Yazıda ayrıca, mimarlık disiplininde tip ve tipoloji kavramlarının tartışılmaya devam edilmesinin gerekliliği de vurgulanmaktadır. Bu tartışmalar, sadece mimari nesneleri basit tiplere ayırmaktan öte, bunlar arasındaki görünmeyen bağların farkedilerek, aralarındaki ilişkilerin daha iyi kavramasına yardımcı olabilecek bir bakış açısı oluşumu için gerekli ve önemlidir

Type and typology in architectural discourse

Typology is the comparative study of physical or other characteristics of the built environment into distinct types. In this paper, the historical transformation of type and typology concepts since the Enlightenment has been examined in three developing stages based on methodological and historical interpretation: The first conceptualization developed out of the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment, the second relates to the modernist ideology and the last to Neo-Rationalism after the 1960s. The study aims to highlight the significance of the concepts of type and typology that are so rich in tradition and so important for intellectual history, and that could aid in enhancing our understanding of architecture within its historical and socio-cultural contexts. A discussion of type and typology can promote a way of looking at the built environment, that can not only help us recognize and discover basic types but also enhance our ability to see the differences as well as similarities among architectural artifacts by recognizing the invisible connections between them

Keywords:

Type, typology, architecture, architectural theory architectural history,

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