Siyah Alacalarda Kuru Dönem Süresinin Kısaltılması

Sütçü sığırlarda laktasyonun sonunda süt veriminin azalarak kendiliğinden ya da insan eliyle sütten kesilmesiyle başlayıp buzağılamaya kadar devam eden kuru dönem süresi hakkında yaklaşık 100 yıldır çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Başlarda optimum kuru dönem süresini belirlemeye yönelik olan çalışmalar genellikle verilere dayalı olup bu çalışmalarda kuru dönem süresinin 50-60 gün arasında olması gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin iyileştirilmesiyle son yıllarda ineklerin buzağılamaya 2 ay kala süt verimleri yüksek seviyede devam etmektedir. Bu yüzden son yıllarda süt verimindeki artışa bağlı olarak kuru dönemin kısaltılması ile ilgili deneysel çalışmalara ağırlık verilmektedir. Bu çalışmalarda kuru dönem süresinin 30-40 güne kadar kısaltılabileceği belirtilmiştir. Kuru dönemi kısalan ineklere direkt geçiş dönemi rasyonu verileceğinden böylelikle daha az rasyon ve barınak değişikliği olacaktır. Bu durum buzağılamadan sonra enerji dengesi ve döl veriminde artış sağlayacaktır. Bir sonraki laktasyonda kuru dönemin kısaltılmasından dolayı bir miktar düşüş görülse de kuru dönemin kısaltılmasına bağlı ekstra süt elde edilmesi, sağlık ve döl verimindeki artış sonucu verimli ömür süresinin uzaması görülecektir. Bu derlemede kuru dönem süresinin kısaltılmasıyla beraber siyah alacalarda süt verimi ve kompozisyonu, sağlık durumu ve meme bezlerinde meydana gelebilecek değişiklikler anlatılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu uygulamanın kârlılığı, sürü yönetimine etkisi ve pratikte uygulanabilirliği üzerinde durulmuş olup yetiştiricilere bilgi vermek ve araştırıcıların kapsamlı çalışmaları için fikir sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kuru dönem süresi; süt verimi; süt kompozisyonu, sürü sağlığı, sürü yönetimi

Shortening Dry Period Length in Holstein Cows

Since the last century, a great deal of researches has been carried out to determine optimum dry period length which is nonlactating part of successive lactations. In 19th century; most studies, used observational data from lactation records, recommended dry period length to be between 50-60 day. With improving genetic and environmental conditions in last decades, cows are still producing a desirable amount of milk before the last 2 months of lactation. So, the researchers, focused on experimental researches about dry period length, have proposed shortening dry period to be 30-40 d in length. Shortening dry period of cows would cause less ration and therefore housing changes throughout the dry period. Although milk losses in the subsequent lactation due to shortening dry period length; improvement reproductive performance and energy balance due to this management procedure would maximize productive life and gain considerable amount of milk prior to calving. This review gives general information how shortening dry period in Holsteins will affect milk yield and composition, health, mammary gland. The review also focuses on profitability, herd management and practical aspects of shortening dry periods for dairy breeders and encourage researchers to make more comprehensive studies.

Keywords:

Dry period length; milk yield; milk composition, health, herd management,

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