Şap Hastalığının Miyokardiyal Formundan Ölen İki Kuzuda Kalp ve Dilde Gözlenen Patolojik Bulgular

Şap hastalığının (FMD) morbiditesinin çok yüksek olması nedeniyle salgınların önüne geçilebilmesi ve kayıpların azaltılmasında hızlı teşhis, özellikle hastalığın ilk çıkışında son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, şap hastalığının miyokarditis formu sonucu ölen 2 adet kuzuda kalp ve hastalığın teşhisine katkı sağlaması amacıyla makroskobik bir lezyon olmamasına rağmen dilden de örnekler alınmış ve histopatolojik metotlarla incelenmiştir.Bu maksatla Şap Enstitüsü (Türkiye) tarafından FMDV serotip A Nepal-84 suşu enfeksiyonundan öldüğü belirlenen 2 adet kuzuda gözlenen makroskobik bulgular kaydedilerek, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal (IHC) yöntemlerle incelendi. Kalp kasında makroskobik ve mikroskobik olarak şap hastalığına işaret patolojik lezyonlar gözlendi. IHC boyamalarda da makrofajlar ve miyositlerde FMDV serotip A Nepal-84 (G-VII) yönünden antijen pozitiflik belirlendi. Dilde ise histopatolojik olarak stratum spinozum hücrelerinde vezikül oluşumunun başlangıcına işaret eden belirgin bir hidropik dejenerasyon gözlendi. Bu bulgular şap hastalığının histopatolojik teşhisinde miyokarditis bulgularına önemli derecede destek sağlayacak bulgulardır. Böylece miyokarditis formuna ilgili ölümlerde her ne kadar makroskobik düzeyde vezikül oluşumu gözlenmiyorsa da histopatolojik incelemeler için dilden de örnek alınmasının teşhis için katkılı olacağı anlaşılmıştır.

The Pathologic Findings in Heart and Tongue in Two Lambs Died from Myocardial Form of Foot and Mouth Disease

Rapid diagnosis is crucial to prevent and control outbreaks, especially at the first appearance of the disease, due to the high morbidity of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this study, samples from two lambs which were determined to have died due to myocarditis form of FMD, and to contribute to the diagnosis of the disease their tongues without macroscopic lesions were investigated by histopathological methods.For this purpose, macroscopic findings were recorded from two lambs which were determined to have died due to FMDV serotype A Nepal-84 strain infection by the Şap Institute (Turkey). Also, samples from two lambs were examined by histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions that signs of foot-and-mouth disease were observed in the heart. By IHC staining, macrophages and monocytes were evaluated as antigen positive for FMDV serotype Nepal-84 (G-VII). Histopathologically, significant hydropic degeneration was observed in the stratum spinosum cells of tongue indicating the onset of vesicle formation. These findings are important findings in the histopathological diagnosis of FMD that will provide important support for myocarditis findings. Thus, although vesicle formation is not observed at the macroscopic level in the deaths related to the myocarditis form, it has been understood that taking the sample for the histopathological examinations will contribute to the diagnosis.

___

  • Aftosa, F. (2007). Foot and mouth disease. The center for Food Security & Public Health, pp. 475-99. Erişim http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/foot_and_mouth_disease.pdf, Erişim tarihi:10.10.2016
  • Alexandersen, S., Zhang, Z., Donaldson, A., Garland, A. (2003). The pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. Journal of comparative pathology, 129; 1-36.
  • Bayraktar, B. (2014). Kuzu ve oğlaklardaki miyokardiyal hasarın belirlenmesinde kardiyak troponinlerin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın.
  • Çiftçi, M. K., Ortatatlı, M., Erer, H., Hatipoğlu, F., Özdemir, Ö. (2015). Veteriner Sistemik Patoloji 1, Konya, SÜ Basımevi, pp. 5-8.
  • Dekker, A., Nielen, M., Molendijk, M., Kroonenberg, F. (1997). Foot-and-mouth disease airborne transmission prediction model: data and model considerations. European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee, Kibbutz Ma'ale Hachamisha (Israel), 2-6 Sep 1996.
  • Dinter, Z., Morein, B. (1990). Virus infections of ruminants, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, pp. 506-508.
  • Donaldson, A., Gibson, C., Oliver, R., Hamblin, C., Kitching, R. (1987). Infection of cattle by airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus: minimal doses with O1 and SAT 2 strains. Research in veterinary science, 43(3), 339-346.
  • Dukpa, K., Robertson, I. D., Edwards, J. R., Ellis, T. M. (2011). A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Bhutan. Tropical animal health and production, 43, 2, 495-502.
  • Gulbahar, M., Davis, W., Guvenc, T., Yarim, M., Parlak, U., Kabak, Y. (2007). Myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in lambs. Veterinary pathology, 44(5), 589-599.
  • Kitching, R., Alexandersen, S. (2002). Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: pigs. Revue scientifique et technique-Office international des épizooties, 21(3), 513-516.
  • Knowles, N., Samuel, A. (2003). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virus research, 91(1), 65-80.
  • Lubroth, J. (2002). Foot-and-mouth disease: a review for the practitioner. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 18(3), 475-499.
  • Mann, J. A., Sellers, R. F.(1990). Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. In: Virus Infections of Ruminants. Eds: Z. D, B. M. New York, U.S.A: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., pp. 503-512.
  • Milli, Ü. (2000). Sindirim Sistemi. In: Veteriner Patoloji. Eds: Milli Ü, R H. Ankara: Medipres Matbaacılık, pp. 1-239.
  • Monaghan, P., Gold, S., Simpson, J., Zhang, Z., Weinreb, P. H., Violette, S. M., Alexandersen, S., Jackson, T. (2005). The αvβ6 integrin receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle. Journal of General Virology, 86(10), 2769-2780.
  • Radostits, O. M. (1994). Veterinary Medicine, London, W.B. Saunders, pp. 965-974.
  • Sobrino, F., Palma, E. L., Beck, E., Davila, M., De La Torre, J., Negro, P., Villanueva, N., Ortin, J., Domingo, E. (1986). Fixation of mutations in the viral genome during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease: heterogeneity and rate variations. Gene, 50(1), 149-59.
  • Steinhauer, D., Holland, J. (1987). Rapid evolution of RNA viruses. Annual Reviews in Microbiology, 41( 1), 409-31.
  • Terpstra, C. (1972). Pathogenesis of foot-and mouth disease in experimentally infected pigs. Bulletin, 77(1), 859-874.
  • Windsor, M. A., Carr, B. V., Bankowski, B., Gibson, D., Reid, E., Hamblin, P., Gubbins, S., Juleff, N., Charleston, B. (2011). Cattle remain immunocompetent during the acute phase of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. Veterinary research, 42(1), 108.
  • Woodbury, E., Ilott, M., Brown, C., Salt, J. (1995). Optimization of an in situ hybridization technique for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in bovine tissues using the digoxigenin system. Journal of virological methods, 51(1), 89-93.