Ruminantlarda Yeni Doğan Gelişimi Üzerine Kolostrumun Önemi

İlk süt olarak bilinen kolostrum, doğumdan sonraki 2-3 gün içinde meme bezleri tarafından üretilen ve yeni doğanlar için ihtiyaç duyulan besinlerin yanı sıra immünoglobinler, enzimler, büyüme ve biyolojik faktörler içeren bir yaşam iksiridir. Ruminant hayvanlar gebelik boyunca epitelyokoriyal plesantanın yapısı nedeniyle antikorları fetüse ulaştıramazlar. Yeni doğan yavrunun doğumdan sonraki ilk birkaç saat içerisinde kolostrumu yeteri düzeyde alamaması anne yavu bağının oluşumunda geçikme, büyüme performansında düşüş, hastalığa yakalanma ve ölüm oranlarında artış ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Kolostrum aynı zamanda sindirim sistemi ve vücut hücre bölünmesinin düzenlenmesinde hayati rol oynamaktadır. Kolostrumun tüketimi, ruminantlarda bağırsak epitelinin morfolojik ve fonksiyonel gelişimi için önemlidir. Bu nedenle yaşamın ilk birkaç gününde tüketilen kolostrum yeni doğanın hastalıklara karşı savunma mekanizmasını güçlendirmekte ve doğum sonrası dönemde hayatta kalabilme, üretkenlik ve sağlıklı olma konusunda düzenleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu derlemede, kolostrumun önemine değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kolostrum, büyüme performansı, bağışıklık direnci, anne-yavru bağı

The Importance of Colostrum on Neonate Development in Ruminants

Colostrum or first milk is a life elixir, which is produced by mammary glands within 2-3 days following parturition and contains immunoglobulins, enzymes, growth and biological factors besides nutrients for neonate. Ruminants are unable to transmit antibody substances during the pregnancy due to the nature of the epitheliochorial placenta. It is stated that if neonates do not take colostrum within the first few hours following birth, there will be a delay in the establishment of the mother-neonate relationship, a decline in growth performance and an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Colostrum also plays a vital role in the regulation of both the digestive system and the body cell division, which is termed second programming in the neonatal life; first programming takes place at embryonal life. Colostrum intake is important for morphological and functional developments of intestinal epithelium in ruminants. So, colostrum consumed in the first few days of life strengthens the defense mechanism of the newborn against diseases and it is a regulatory factor on the survivability, productivity and healthy during the postnatal period. In this review, the importance of the colostrum will be emphasized.

Keywords:

Colostrum, growth performance, immune resistance, mother-offspring bond,

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