Akife DALDA ŞEKERCİ, Mehmet YAMAN, Ahmet SAY

CEVİZ ISLAHINDA BİYOTEKNOLOJİNİN KULLANIMI

Tüm dünyada yetiştiriciliği yapılan ceviz çeşitleri şans çöğürlerinden veya ıslah programlarından meydana gelmiştir. Bu çeşitlerin karakterize edilmesi ıslahçılar için oldukça önemlidir. Ceviz ağaçlarının son yıllara kadar tamamen tohumdan aşısız olarak üretilmesi, ülkemizin geniş bir ceviz popülasyonuna sahip olmasına neden olmuştur. Genetik açılımdan dolayı her bir ceviz ağacı bir çeşit ya da genotip durumundadır. Bu durum ıslah açısından önem arz etmesine karşın, birörnek bitki sağlama bakımından olumsuz bir durumdur. Ek olarak, çeşitlerin ismine doğru olarak kısa zamanda tanımlanması meyvecilikte oldukça önemlidir. Ancak genetik çeşitliliği karakterize etmek için kullanılan morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal yöntemler çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmekte ve uzun zaman almaktadır. Biyoteknolojinin kullanımı ile bu olumsuz durumun üstesinden gelinebilmektedir. DNA markör teknikleri ile farklı ekolojideki genetik materyallerin karakterize edilmesine olanak sağlanmaktadır. Cevizlerde moleküler markör teknikleri ceviz türlerinin sınıflandırılmasına, ceviz çeşitlerinin karakterizasyonuna, genetik haritalama çalışmalarına, melez bitkilerin belirlenmesine ve genetik haritaların oluşturulmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu durum ülkemizdeki ceviz yetiştiriciliği ve ıslahı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada cevizde şimdiye kadar yapılmış olan biyoteknolojik çalışmalar göz önüne alınarak biyoteknolojinin ceviz ıslahında kullanım olanakları hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır

USAGE OF BYOTECHNOLOGY ON WALNUT BREEDING

USAGE OF BYOTECHNOLOGY ON WALNUT BREEDING All varieties of walnut cultivation has occurred in the world of the chance seedling or breeding programs. The characterization of this kind is very important for breeders. To be produced entirely from non–grafted walnut tree seed until recent years, it has led to having a large walnut population of our country. Due to genetic evolution, each walnut tree is a variety or genotype. Although this situation has not important for breeding, it is a negative situation in terms of providing uniform plants. In addition, the identification of varieties in a short time is very important in fruit production. However, that is used to characterize the genetic diversity of morphological, physiological and biochemical methods are influenced by environmental factors, and it takes a long time. With the use of biotechnology can point to overcome this adverse situation. DNA marker techniques are provided to allow the characterization of the genetic material in different ecology. The use of molecular marker techniques in walnut, walnut species classification, the characterization of walnut varieties, genetic mapping studies, enabling the identification ofhybrid plants and genetic maps to be created. This is very important for walnut production and breeding in our country. In this study, which is made of walnut so far biotechnological studies intended to provide information about the use of biotechnology, taking into account the possibilities of walnut breeding

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