Relation between urban form and heating energy consumption

The climate change and accompanying environmental problems have led differentdisciplines to think about that the natural resources soon start to run out.Rapid urbanization and industrialization and increasing pressure on natural resourceshave brought the concept of sustainability in urban planning discipline.Rapidly depleted energy sources threatened by uncontrolled growth have led tothe emergence of new planning strategies and urbanization trends in urban energyefficiency and sustainable planning. There are many multidimensional studiesin the context of urban parameters aims to provide sustainable settlements. Oneof those parameters is urban form, which comprises the spatial composition ofbuildings and open spaces in a physical texture. Theoretically, it is already knownthat there is a strong relation between urban form and energy consumption; butthere is a lack of examination on existing settlements. This paper examines therelationship between urban form and heating energy consumption in different urbantextures from Istanbul using the actual values of heating energy consumptionto show up if the practical results are compatible with theoretical assumptions. Itfocuses on energy performance of urban textures and takes human behavioursand socioeconomic factors into account as another layer. Case study clearly underlinesthat the urban form of settlements creates a significant difference aboutthe consumption of heating energy, while human behaviours and socioeconomicfactors also have apparent impacts on it.

PDF

___

Meyers, J. (2009). Relationships between form, morphology, density and energy in urban environments. GEA Background Paper.

Dumreicher, H.I. , Levine, R.S. & Yanarella E. J. (2000). The appropriate scale for “low energy”: theory and practice at the Westbahnhof. In K. Steemers & S. Yannas (ed), Architecture, City, Environment, Proceedings of PLEA 2000.

Green Paper, (2005). Energy efficiency or doing more with less. Green Paper.

Gupta, V. K. (1984). Solar radiation and urban design for hot climates. Environment and Planning B, 11 (4), 435- 454.

Herring, H. & Roy, R. (2007). Technological innovation, energy efficient design and the rebound effect. Technovation 27, 194-203.

IEA (2016), World energy outlook 2016, IEA, Paris.

Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms: their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research 26, 38.

Donovan, J. J. & Fischer, W. P. (1976). Factors affecting residential heating energy consumption. MIT Energy Lab.

Kaji, H., Kanegae, H., Ishibashi, K. & Hara, N. (2003). Compact city and developing countries. Open Meeting of the Global Environmental Change Research Community, Montreal.

Martin, L. (1967). Architects’ approach to architecture. RIBA Journal, 74 (5), 191–200.

Mikaeili, M. & Memlük, Y. (2013) Ekoloji ve çevre açısından kompakt kent kavramı ve uygulama örnekleri. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4 (2), 37-50.

Næss, P. & Sandberg S. L. (1996). Workplace location, modal split and energy use for commuting trips. Urban Studies, 33(3), 557–580.

Newton, P., Tucker, S. & Ambrose, M. (2000). Housing form, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving Sustainable Urban Form. E & FN Spon.

Olgyay, V. & Olgyay, A. (1963). Design with climate, bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism, Princeton University Press.

Owens, S., (1992). Energy, environmental sustainability and land use planning. In Breheny M. (ed) Sustainable Development and Urban Form, 79- 105.

Pan Z. X., Zhao Q. G., Chen J., Liang Y. & Sun B. (2008). Full research paper analyzing the variation of building density using high spatial resolution satellite images: the example of Shanghai City. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, 8.

Shang C., Lin, K. & Hou G. (2013). Simulating the impact of urban morphology on energy demand a case study of Yuehai, China. SHANG Chuan, The Impact of Urban Morphology on Energy Demand, 49th ISOCARP Congress. The Urban Morphology and Complex Systems Institute (http://www.urbanmorphologyinstitute. org)

Walker, L. & Rees, W. (1997). Urban density and ecological footprints an analysis Of Canadian households. In Roseland M. (ed) Eco-city dimensions healthy communities, healthy planet. New Society Publishers. WBCSD (http://www.wbcsd.org )

Wheeler, S. (2004). Planning for sustainability: toward livable, equitable, and ecological communities. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.