DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE ÇAPRAZ ENFEKSİYONLAR VE COVID-19
Enfeksiyon; virüsler, bakteriler veya mantarlar tarafından oluşturulan ateş, titreme, terleme, fonksiyon kaybı, şişlik ile karakterize olabilen bir yangıdır. Kendi karakteristik özelliğine bağlı olarak dokunma, aerasol, kan ve tükürük sıvıları gibi vücut sıvılarıyla bulaşan bu yangının ve buna sebep olabilecek mikroorganizmaların hasta – hekim - yardımcı personel arasındaki geçişi çapraz enfeksiyon olarak nitelendirilir. Çapraz enfeksiyonların hekimlerce tanınması; bulaşlarının engellenmesi ve yayılmaması için oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemede diş hekimliğinde çapraz enfeksiyonlar ve son altı aylık dönemde coronavirüsün yeni tipi olarak karşımıza çıkan Covid-19’a yönelik güncel durum ve önleyici ve koruyucu yöntemler incelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Covid-19, Diş Hekimliği, Çapraz Enfeksiyon
CROSS INFECTIONS IN DENTISTRY AND COVID-19
Caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi, infection
is an inflammation that can be characterized by
fever, chills, sweating, loss of function. Based
on its characteristic feature, the transmission
of this inflammation, which is transmitted by
touch, aerosol, body fluids such as blood and
saliva, and the microorganisms that can cause it,
the transmission of this inflammation between
patient, physician and nurses is defined as cross
infection. Recognition of the cross infection by
physicians is very important for preventing the
infection and not spreading it. In this review,
we will investigate in preventative methods,
the current state of the Covid-19, which we
face with as the new type of coronavirus in
the last six months, and the cross infections in
dentistry.
Keywords:
Covid-19, Dentistry, Cross infection,
___
- 1. Atalay Y, Asutay F, Çakmak Ö. Diş hekimliği ve çapraz enfeksiyon kontrolü. Kocatepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2004;116:4-12. 2. Montebugnoli L, Dolci G, Spratt DA, Puttaiah R. Failure of anti-retraction valves and the procedure for between patient flushing: a rationale for chemical control of dental unit waterline contamination. Am J Dent 2005;18:270-4. 3. CDC. Recommended infection-control practices for dentistry. MMWR recommendations and reports 1993; 28:2-10. 4. https://covid19.who.int/ (01.05.2020) 5. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO – China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.who. int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/whochina- joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report. pdf/ (01.05.2020) 6. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, Wang W, Song H, Huang B, Zhu N, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395:565–74. 7. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395:514–23 8. Thome G, Bernandes S, Guandalini S, Guimares MCV. Dental Kliniklerde en iyi Biyogüvenlik Uygulamaları İçin Yönergeler 1. Baskı. Curitiba: Facultad Ilapeo yayınları (e -kitap), 2020:8-18. 9. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medRxiv. Available at: https://www.medrxiv. org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974v1 (01.05.2020) 10. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020;382:970–1. 11. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/ q-a-coronaviruses/ 01.05.2020) 12. Vinayachandran, D., Balasubramanian, S. Is Gustatory Impairment the First Report of an Oral Manifestation in COVID‐19?. Oral Dis 2020. 13. Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):8. 14. Khot WY, Nadkar MY. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak–A Global Threat. J Assoc Physicians India 2020;68(3):67. 15. Tonnesen P, Marott JL, Nordestgaard B, Bojesen SE, Lange P. Secular trends in smoking in relation to prevalent and incident smokingrelated disease: A prospective population-based study. Tob Induc Dis 2019;17:22. 16. Zhou Z, Chen P, Peng H. Are healthy smokers really healthy? Tob Induc Dis 2016;14:35. 17. Park JE, Jung S, Kim A. MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018;18(1):574. 18. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2206-2216. 19. Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol 2020. 20. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/sehir-giriscikistebirleri- ve-yas-sinirlamasi (01.05.2020) 21.http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/ sivilhavacilik/files/Covid-19/27-03-2020- NOTAM-COVID-19.pdf (01.05.2020) 22. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. JAMA. 2020;323(8):707–708. 23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/ control-recommendations.html (01.05.2020) 24. Viroj Wiwanitkit MERS-CoV, surgical mask and N95 respirators Singapore Med J 2014;55(9):507. 25. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris D, Holbrook M, Gamble A, Williamson B, Tamin A, Harcourt J, Thornburg N, Gerber S. et al. Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1. N. Engl. J Med 2020;382:1564-1567. 26. Baseer M.-A, Ansari S.-H, AlShamrani S.- S, Alakras A.-R, Mahrous R, Alenazi A.-M. Awareness of droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health professionals during the outbreak of corona virus infection in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2016;8(4):379- 387.) 27.http://www.tdb.org.tr/userfiles/files/ S B _ H a l k _ S a g l i g i _ G e n _ M u d _ 1 5 7 . p d f (01.05.2020) 28.http://www.tdb.org.tr/userfiles/files/ S B _ H a l k _ S a g l i g i _ G e n _ M u d _ 1 9 0 . p d f (01.05.2020) 29. Garner JS, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17(1):53–80. 30. To K., Tsang O., Chik-Yan Yip, C, Chan, K. H., et al.Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;12. 31. Cleveland JL. et al. Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147(9):729-38. 32. Yuan X, Xu J, Hussain S, Wang H, Gao N, Zhang L. Trends and Prediction in Daily New Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 in the United States: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model. Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine 2020;5(2):1–6. 33. Wadia R Transmission routes of COVID-19 in the dental practice Br Dent J 2020;228(8):595. 34. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/30/world/ coronavirus-who-masks-recommendationtrnd/ index.html/ (01.05.2020) 3 5 . h t t p s : / / w w w. l i v e s c i e n c e . c o m / c d c - recommends-face-masks-coronavirus.html (01.05.2020) 36.https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/faq.html#How-to-Protect-Yourself (01.05.2020) 37. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/30-buyuksehirve- zonguldaka-giriscikislar-daha-oncebelirlenen- usul-ve-esaslara-gore-15-gunuzatildi/ (01.05.2020) 38. Zhou ZG, Yue DS, Mu CL, Zhang, L. (2020), Mask is the possible key for selfisolation in COVID‐19 pandemic. J Med Virol. 2020. 39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for putting on and removing personal protective equipment for treating COVID-19 patients. From: https://www. cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/ppe/ppe-sequence.pdf./ (17.03.2020) 40. Izzetti R, Nisi M, Gabriele M, Graziani F. COVID-19 Transmission in Dental Practice: Brief Review of Preventive Measures in Italy. Journal of Dental Research. 2020. 41. Meng L, Hua F. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine. J Dent Res 2020;12: 22034520914246. 42. Watts K, Balzer S, Drum M, et al. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen versus intranasal ketorolac (Sprix) in an untreated endodontic pain model: a randomized, double-blind investigation. J Endod 2019;45:94–8. 43. Smith EA, Marshall JG, Selph SS, Barker DR, Sedgley CM. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for managing postoperative endodontic pain in patients who present with preoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 2017;43:7–15. 44. Taggar T, Wu D, Khan AA. A randomized clinical trial comparing 2 ibuprofen formulations in patients with acute odontogenic pain. J Endod 2017;43:674–8. 45. Liesinger A, Marshall FJ, Marshall JG. Effect of variable doses of dexamethasone on posttreatment endodontic pain. J Endod 1993;19:35–9. 46. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med 2020;1‐34. 47. Wong JG, Cheung EP, Cheung V, Cheung C, Chan MT, Chua SE, McAlonan GM, Tsang KW, Ip MS. Psychological responses to the SARS out-break in healthcare students in Hong Kong. Med Teach 2004;26(7):657–659. 48. Arduino PG, Conrotto D, Broccoletti R. The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused a worrying delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer in north-west Italy: the Turin Metropolitan Area experience Oral Dis. 2020;10.1111/odi.13362. 49. Mallineni, SK, Innes, NP, Raggio, DP, Araujo, MP, Robertson, MD, Jayaraman, J. Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): Characteristics in children and considerations for dentists providing their care. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30:245– 250. 50. Amirian ES Potential Fecal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current Evidence and Implications for Public Health. Int J Infect Dis.. pii: S1201-9712(20)30273-3. doi: 10.1016/j. ijid.2020.04.057 51. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17: 8.
- ISSN: 2149-5572
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2015
- Yayıncı: İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi