Yüksek Güç Transformatörlerindeki Kısmi Deşarj Tespitinde Diyafram Tabanlı Fabry-Perot İnterferometrik Basınç Sensörlerinin Performans İyileştirilmesi için Diyafram Analizi

Bu çalışmada, yüksek güç transformatörlerinde oluşan kısmi deşarjın (partial discharge, PD) tespiti için diyafram tabanlı Fabry-Perotinterferometrik fiber optik basınç sensör (DTFP-FOBS) için boyutlarının küçültülerek algılama parametrelerinin (frekans, hassasiyet)optimizasyonu araştırılmıştır. DTFP-FOBS’ların boyutları ve algılama parametreleri sensörde kullanılan diyafram tarafındanbelirlenir. Diyaframın yapıldığı malzeme, yarıçap ve kalınlık bu parametreleri belirleyen faktörlerdir. PD algılamak için DTFPFOBS’larda büyük bir çoğunlukla diyafram malzemesi olarak silikadan ($SiO_2$) faydalanılmaktadır. Fakat, $SiO_2$ diyaframın yarıçapınınliteratürde belirlenmiş olan değerlerden daha küçük seçilmesi sensörün rezonans frekansının (900 kHz-3 MHz) çok yükselmesine vePD algılama bandı (20 kHz-200 kHz) dışına çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Ayrıca, çapı küçülmüş olan sensörün hassasiyetliği deazalmaktadır. Bu dezavantajların ortadan kaldırılması için alternatif bir polimer diyafram olarak selüloz triasetat (cellulose triacetate,CTA) önerilmiştir. Bu amaç ile her iki diyaframın farklı yarıçap ve kalınlıklarda sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile yapılan benzetimçalışmaları sayesinde sensör hassasiyeti ve rezonans frekans parametreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen benzetim sonuçları ışığındaCTA diyaframın 20 µm kalınlıkta 225 µm yarıçapta rezonans frekansı 197 kHz olarak hesaplanırken, $SiO_2$’nın bu frekans değerineulaşabildiği en küçük yarıçap değeri 530 µm olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu geometrik boyutlarda CTA’dan yapılmış olan diyaframınboyutu daha düşük olmasına rağmen hassasiyeti 2 katına çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, PD uygulaması özelinde DTFP-FOBS’larda,CTA’nın diyafram malzemesi olarak kullanılmasının, $SiO_2$ diyaframa göre sensor boyutlarının %66 oranında küçültülebileceğigörülmüştür.

Diaphragm Analysis for Performance Improvement of Diaphragm Based Fabry-Perot Interferometric Pressure Sensors in Partial Discharge Detection in High Power Transformers

In this study, the optimization of sensing parameters (frequency, sensitivity) was investigated for the diaphragm-based Fabry-Perot interferometric fiber optic pressure sensor (DTFP-FOBS) for detection of partial discharge (partial discharge, PD) formed in high power transformers. The dimensions and detection parameters of the DTFP-FOBS are determined by the diaphragm used in the sensor. The radius and thickness values of the diaphragm used in determining the sensor dimensions are the most effective parameters. In order to detect PD, DTFP-FOBS mostly use silica ($SiO_2$) as diaphragm material. However, the reduction of the radius of the $SiO_2$ diaphragm ensures the resonance frequency (900 kHz-3 MHz) of the sensor to rise too high and goes out of the PD detection band (20 kHz-200 kHz). In addition, the sensitivity of the sensor, whose diameter is reduced, decreases. To eliminate these disadvantages, cellulose triacetate (cellulose triacetate, CTA) has been proposed as an alternative polymer diaphragm. For this purpose, sensor sensitivity and resonance frequency parameters were compared thanks to simulation studies of both diaphragms with different radii and thicknesses using the finite element method. In the light of the simulation results obtained, the fundamental frequency of the CTA diaphragm was calculated as 197 kHz at the radius of 225 µm and the thickness of 20 µm, while the smallest radius value at which $SiO_2$ could reach this frequency was determined as 530 µm. Although the diaphragm made of CTA in these geometric dimensions is smaller in size, its sensitivity has doubled. As a result, it has been observed that the use of CTA as a diaphragm material in DTFP-FOBS specifically for PD application, sensor dimensions can be reduced by 66% compared to $SiO_2$ diaphragm.

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