Şeyma EMEÇ, Tuba ADAR, Gökay AKKAYA, Elif KILIÇ DELİCE

3424

Türkiye'deki Hidroelektrik Santrallerin Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Enerji ihtiyacı nüfusun sürekli artması ve teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler doğrultusunda artmaktadır. Enerji, üretim, tarım, ulaşım her türlü sektörün temel girdilerindendir. Fosil enerji kaynaklarının rezervlerinin sınırlı olması, çevre sorunlarına yol açması, dışa bağımlılıkta ekonomik ve siyasi nedenlere yol açması ve fiyat istikrarsızlıkları gibi nedenlerden dolayı yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanımı gittikçe artmaktadır. Hidrolik, rüzgar, güneş, jeotermal ve biyokütle enerjisi, günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarıdır. Hidroelektrik enerji temiz ve yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Hidroelektrik santraller (HES) ise, suyun akış enerjisinden faydalanılarak, elektrik enerjisi elde etmek için kurulan santrallerdir. Ayrıca, hidroelektrik enerji Türkiye’nin en büyük yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeline sahip olan kaynaktır. Türkiye’de tüketilen enerjinin yaklaşık %20,81’inin hidrolik santrallerinden karşılanması bu enerji kaynağını daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki kurulu 51 adet Hidroelektrik santralinin etkinlikleri Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.  Bu amaç doğrultusunda, üç girdi iki çıktı değişkeni belirlenmiştir. Etkinlik ölçümü, Charnes, Cooper ve Rhodes'un geliştirdiği CCR modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. VZA yöntemiyle, etkin olmayan santrallerin etkinlik sınırına ulaşabilmeleri için girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerinde gerçekleştirmeleri gereken iyileştirme oranları saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, Türkiye toplam kurulu gücünün %32'sine sahip HES santrallerinin etkinlikleri Veri Zarflama Analizi modeli kullanılarak ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulamada VZA modeli 51 adet HES santrali için ayrı ayrı çalıştırılmış ve GAMS paket programı kullanılarak modeller çözülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde 51 adet HES santralden %19,61’ü etkin bir şekilde çalıştığı gözlenmiştir. Etkin olmayan HES santralleri için ise geliştirmeye yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yenilenebilir enerji, Hidroelektrik enerji santralleri, Etkinlik analizi, Veri zarflama analizi, Performans değerlendirme

Efficiency Assessment of Hydroelectric Power Plant in Turkey by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Renewable energy resources are increasingly used due to the reasons such as limited reserves of fossil energy sources, causing environmental problems, causing economic and political reasons foreign dependence and price instabilities. Nowadays, hydraulic, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass energy are the most widely used renewable energy sources. Hydroelectric power is a clean and renew-able energy source. Hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs) are the plants constructed to obtain electricity by benefiting from the flow energy of water. Moreover, hydroelectric power is a source with Turkey’s largest renewable energy potential. Meeting approximately 20.81% of the energy consumed in Turkey from hydroe-lectric power plants makes this energy source even more important. In this study, efficiencies of 51 hydroelectric power plants constructed in Turkey were assessed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In accordance with this purpose, three input variables and two output variables were used. Efficiency measurement was performed by using CCR model developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes. The improvement rates that inefficient power plants should apply to input and output variables in order to reach the efficiency limit, were determined by DEA method. As a consequence, the efficiencies of HEPP plants with 32% of Turkey’s total installed power were tried to be measured by using DEA model in this study. In application, DEA model was operated separately for 51 HEPP power plants and the models were solved by using GAMS package program. When the results obtained were examined, it was observed that 19,61% of 51 HEPP power plants were operating effectively. Suggestions for improvement are presented for inefficient HEPP power plants.
Keywords:

Renewable energy, Hydroelectric power plants, Efficiency analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Performance evaluation,

PDF

___

  • Akkan, C., Karadayi, M. A., Ekinci, Y., Ülengin, F., Uray, N., & Karaosmanoğlu, E (2019) “Efficiency analysis of emergency departments in metropolitan areas.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences.
  • Amid, S., Gundoshmian, T. M., Shahgoli, G., & Rafiee, S (2016) “Energy use pattern and optimization of energy required for broiler production using data envelopment analysis.” Information Processing in Agriculture, 3(2): 83-91.
  • Ang, S., Chen, M., & Yang, F (2018) “Group cross-efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis: An application to Taiwan hotels.” Computers & Industrial Engineering, 125: 190-199.
  • Barros, C. P (2008) “Efficiency analysis of hydroelectric generating plants: A case study for Portugal.” Energy Economics, 30(1): 59-75.
  • Bayazid, Y., Umetsu, C., Hamasaki, H., & Miyanishi, T (2019) “Measuring the efficiency of collective floodplain aquaculture of Bangladesh using Data Envelopment Analysis.” Aquaculture, 503: 537-549.
  • Chaabouni, S (2019) “China's regional tourism efficiency: A two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis.” Journal of destination marketing & management, 11: 183-191.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E (1978) “Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units.” European Journal of Operations Research 2: 429-444.
  • Chen, P. C., Yu, M. M., Shih, J. C., Chang, C. C., & Hsu, S. H (2019) “A reassessment of the Global Food Security Index by using a hierarchical data envelopment analysis approach.” European Journal of Operational Research, 272(2): 687-698.
  • de Souza, I. G., Lacerda, D. P., Camargo, L. F. R., Dresch, A., & Piran, F. S (2018) “Do the improvement programs really matter? An analysis using data envelopment analysis.” BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 21(4): 225-237.
  • Dobos, I., & Vörösmarty, G (2019) “Inventory-related costs in green supplier selection problems with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).” International Journal of Production Economics, 209: 374-380.
  • Ehrgott, M., Holder, A., & Nohadani, O (2018) “Uncertain data envelopment analysis.” European Journal of Operational Research, 268(1): 231-242.
  • Emre, T (2014) “Türkiye’deki Rüzgar Enerjisi Santrallerinin (RES) Göreli Etkinliklerinin Veri zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Ölçülmesi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Energy Atlas (2019a). Electricity Generation https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/(05.03.2019).
  • Energy Atlas (2019b). Hydraulic Energy. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/(05.03.2019). Eroğlu, Y., & Seçkiner, S. U (2017) “Performance analysis in wind farms by data envelopment analysis and Malmquist Index approaches.” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1): 45-54.
  • Ervural, B. C., Ervural, B., & Zaim, S (2016) “Energy efficiency evaluation of provinces in Turkey using data envelopment analysis.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235: 139-148.
  • Ervural, B. C., Zaim, S., & Delen, D (2018) “A two-stage analytical approach to assess sustainable energy efficiency.” Energy, 164: 822-836.
  • Geng, Q., Ren, Q., Nolan, R. H., Wu, P., & Yu, Q (2019) “Assessing China’s agricultural water use efficiency in a green-blue water perspective: A study based on data envelopment analysis.” Ecological indicators, 96: 329-335.
  • Gobbi, C. N., Sanches, V. M. L., Guimarães, M. J. D. O. C., de Freitas, M. A. V., & Pacheco, E. B. A. V (2019) “Efficiency in the environmental management of plastic wastes at Brazilian ports based on data envelopment analysis.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, 142: 377-383.
  • Gökgöz, F., & Güvercin, M. T (2018) “Energy security and renewable energy efficiency in EU”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 96, 226-239.
  • Gong, Y., Liu, J., & Zhu, J (2019) “When to increase firms’ sustainable operations for efficiency? A data envelopment analysis in the retailing industry.” European Journal of Operational Research.
  • Henriques, I. C., Sobreiro, V. A., Kimura, H., & Mariano, E. B (2018) “Efficiency in the Brazilian banking system using data envelopment analysis.” Future Business Journal, 4(2): 157-178.
  • Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, H., Safarzadeh, D., Ahmadi, E., & Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A (2018) “Optimization of energy consumption of dairy farms using data envelopment analysis–A case study: Qazvin city of Iran.” Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17(3): 217-228.
  • Hu, W., Guo, Y., Tian, J., & Chen, L (2019) “Eco-efficiency of centralized wastewater treatment plants in industrial parks: A slack-based data envelopment analysis.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141: 176-186.
  • Jha, A. P., & Singh, S. K (2019) “Performance evaluation of Indian states in the renewable energy sector for making investment decisions: A managerial perspective.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
  • Jiekang, W., Zhuangzhi, G., & Fan, W (2014) “Short-term multi-objective optimization scheduling for cascaded hydroelectric plants with dynamic generation flow limit based on EMA and DEA.” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 57: 189-197.
  • Kaya, A., Öztürk, M., Özer, A (2010) “Metal eşya, makine ve gereç yapım sektöründeki işletmlerin VZA ile etkinlik ölçümü.” Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24:129-147.
  • Li-bo, Z., & Tao, Y (2014) “The evaluation and selection of renewable energy technologies in China.” Energy Procedia, 61: 2554-2557.
  • Longo, S., Hospido, A., Lema, J. M., & Mauricio-Iglesias, M (2018) “A systematic methodology for the robust quantification of energy efficiency at wastewater treatment plants featuring Data Envelopment Analysis.” Water research, 141: 317-328.
  • Mobtaker, H. G., Akram, A., Keyhani, A., & Mohammadi, A (2012) “Optimization of energy required for alfalfa production using data envelopment analysis approach.” Energy for sustainable development, 16(2): 242-248.
  • Mohseni, P., Borghei, A. M., & Khanali, M (2018) “Coupled life cycle assessment and data envelopment analysis for mitigation of environmental impacts and enhancement of energy efficiency in grape production.” Journal of cleaner production, 197: 937-947.
  • Nadimi, R., & Tokimatsu, K (2019) “Evaluation of the energy system through data envelopment analysis: Assessment tool for Paris Agreement.” Energy Procedia, 158: 3464-3469.
  • Nahangi, M., Chen, Y., & McCabe, B (2019) “Safety-based efficiency evaluation of construction sites using data envelopment analysis (DEA).” Safety science, 113: 382-388.
  • ÖMÜRGÖNÜLŞEN, M., Tamer, E. M. R. E., & ATICI, K. B (2016) “Türkiye'deki Rüzgar Enerjisi Santrallerinin Göreli Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Ölçümü.” Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(2).
  • Özden, Ü (2008) “Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ile Türkiye'deki vakıf üniversitelerinin etkinliğinin ölçülmesi.” İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2): 167-185.
  • Özyiğit, T., Serarslan, M. N., & Karsak, E. E (2011) “Türkiye'de elektrik üretimi için enerji kaynaklarının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi.” İTÜDERGİSİ/d, 7(5).
  • Pambudi, G., & Nananukul, N (2019) “Wind Turbine Site Selection in Indonesia, based on a hierarchical Dual Data Envelopment Analysis model.” Energy Procedia, 158: 3290-3295.
  • Petridis, K., Ünsal, M. G., Dey, P., & Örkcü, H. H (2019) “A novel network data envelopment analysis model for performance measurement of Turkish electric distribution companies.” Energy.
  • Pournader, M., Kach, A., Fahimnia, B., & Sarkis, J (2019) “Outsourcing performance quality assessment using data envelopment analytics.” International Journal of Production Economics, 207: 173-182.
  • Rashidi, K., & Cullinane, K (2019) “Evaluating the sustainability of national logistics performance using Data Envelopment Analysis.” Transport Policy, 74, 35-46.
  • Sağlam, Ü (2017) “Assessment of the productive efficiency of large wind farms in the United States: an application of two-stage data envelopment analysis.” Energy Conversion and Management, 153: 188-214.
  • Sağlam, Ü (2018) “A two-stage performance assessment of utility-scale wind farms in Texas using data envelopment analysis and Tobit models.” Journal of cleaner production, 201: 580-598.
  • San Cristóbal, J. R (2011) “A multi criteria data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the efficiency of the Renewable Energy technologies.” Renewable Energy, 36(10): 2742-2746.
  • Sarıca, K., & Or, I (2007) “Efficiency assessment of Turkish power plants using data envelopment analysis.” Energy, 32(8): 1484-1499.
  • Siafakas, S., Tsiplakou, E., Kotsarinis, M., Tsiboukas, K., & Zervas, G (2019) “Identification of efficient dairy farms in Greece based on home grown feedstuffs, using the Data Envelopment Analysis method.” Livestock Science, 222: 14-20.
  • Sözen, A., Alp, İ., & Kilinc, C (2012) “Efficiency assessment of the hydro-power plants in Turkey by using data envelopment analysis.” Renewable Energy, 46: 192-202.
  • Seker, D. Z., Kochan, N., Denli, H. H., Alganci, U., & Sertel, E. (2013, December). Determination of the Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) in Black sea Region of Turkey Using Remotely Sensed Data. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
  • Tamer, E. M. R. E., & Ömürgönülşen, M (2015) “Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki rüzgâr elektrik santrallerinin (res) göreli etkinliklerinin veri zarflama analizi (vza) ile ölçümü.” Verimlilik Dergisi, (4): 7-32.
  • Wu, Y., Hu, Y., Xiao, X., & Mao, C (2016) “Efficiency assessment of wind farms in China using two-stage data envelopment analysis.” Energy Conversion and Management, 123: 46-55.
  • Zeng, Y., Guo, W., & Zhang, F (2019) “Comprehensive evaluation of renewable energy technical plans based on data envelopment analysis.” Energy Procedia, 158: 3583-3588.
  • Zheng, S., Lam, C. M., Hsu, S. C., & Ren, J (2018) “Evaluating efficiency of energy conservation measures in energy service companies in China.” Energy policy, 122: 580-591.
  • Zhang, X., & Shi, W (2019) “Research about the University Teaching Performance Evaluation under the Data Envelopment Method.” Cognitive Systems Research.
  • Zhao, H., Guo, S., & Zhao, H (2019) “Provincial energy efficiency of China quantified by three-stage data envelopment analysis.” Energy, 166: 96-107.
Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2013
  • Yayıncı: Osman Sağdıç
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Türkiye'deki Hidroelektrik Santrallerin Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Şeyma EMEÇ, Tuba ADAR, Gökay AKKAYA, Elif KILIÇ DELİCE

Entegre MC-HFLTS & MAIRCA ve MABAC Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Yeraltı Çöp Konteynerleri İçin Kapsamlı Bir Yer Seçimi Problemi Analizi

Elif KILIÇ DELİCE, Tuba ADAR, Şeyma EMEÇ, Gökay AKKAYA

Clarke & Wright Tasarruf Algoritması ve Genetik Algoritmaya Dayalı Uçan Yardımcılı Gezgin Satıcı Problemi

Büşra ÖZOĞLU, Emre ÇAKMAK, Tuğçe KOÇ

Türkiye'nin Tarımsal Kredi Performansının K-ortalamalar Kümeleme Algoritması ile Analizi

Zeynep CEYLAN, Selin SABUNCU

Kitosan/Karbon Nanotüp Katkili Kompozit Yaprak Yayların Mekanik Davranışları

Hasan ÇALLIOĞLU, Furkan KAVLA