Türkiye’de Buğdayın Kendi Kendine Yeterlilik ve İthalata Bağımlılık Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Türkiye’de en çok üretilen tahıl olan ve ekmek üretiminde kullanılan buğday önemli bir konumda yer almaktadır. Gıda güvencesinde önemli bir yer edinen buğday Türkiye’nin stratejik ürünleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2010-2020 döneminde Türkiye’de buğdayda kendi kendine yeterlilik ve ithalata bağımlılık derecesinin belirlenmesidir. Öncelikle Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan elde edilen buğday üretim, tüketim, ihracat ve ithalat verileri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra FAO tarafından tavsiye edilen formüller kullanılarak buğdayda kendi kendine yeterlilik ve ithalata bağımlılık dereceleri hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de 2010-2020 yılları arasında buğday üretim alanlarının azalma eğiliminde olduğu, ihracat ve ithalatın ise artış eğiliminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2010-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin buğdayda kendi kendine yeterlilik oranının ortalama %96,90, ithalata bağımlılık oranının ise ortalama %27,38 olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2020 yılı itibariyle Türkiye’nin buğdayda kendi kendine yeterlilik oranının %96,90, ithalata bağımlılık oranının %38,94 olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Buğday ithalatının giderek artacağı tahmin edilmekle birlikte bu durumun uzun vadede sürdürülebilir olmayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ekim alanlarının azalması ve iklim değişikliği gibi etkilerden dolayı buğday veriminin artırılması amacıyla sıcaklığa, hastalık ve zararlılara daha dayanıklı çeşitlerin ve sertifikalı tohumluk kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, Buğday, Kendi Kendine Yeterlilik, İthalata Bağımlılık Oranı, Gıda Güvencesi

Evaluation of Wheat in Türkiye in Terms of Self-sufficiency and Import Dependence

Wheat, which is the most produced grain in Türkiye and used in bread production, has an important position. Wheat, which has an important place in food security, is among Türkiye's strategic products. This study aims to determine the degree of self-sufficiency and import dependency on wheat in Türkiye between 2010 and 2020. First of all, wheat production, consumption, export, and import data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute were examined. Then, using the formulas recommended by the FAO, the degree of self-sufficiency and import dependency in wheat was calculated. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that wheat production areas in Türkiye have a decreasing trend between the years 2010-2020, while exports and imports have an increasing trend. It has been determined that Türkiye's self-sufficiency rate in wheat between 2010 and 2020 is 96.90% on average, and the import dependency ratio is 27.38% on average. It has been revealed that as of 2020, Türkiye's self-sufficiency rate in wheat is 96.90%, and the import dependency rate is 38.94%. Although wheat imports are expected to increase gradually, it is thought that this situation will not be sustainable in the long run. To increase wheat yield due to effects such as reduction of cultivation areas and climate change, more resistant varieties to heat, diseases, and pests and the use of certified seeds should be expanded.

Keywords:

Türkiye, Wheat, Self-sufficiency, Import Dependency Ratio, Food Security,

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