Tarımsal Atıkların Yanmasının Emisyon Değerlendirmesi

Biyokütle, elektrik üretimi, konut ve ticari binaların ısıtılması, endüstriyel proses ısıtması, ulaşım vb. gibi enerji ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kullanılabilir. Biyoenerji sektörünün geleceği, biyokütle kaynaklarının mevcudiyetine ve dönüştürme teknolojilerindeki gelişmeye bağlıdır. Akışkan yatakta yanma, yakıt esnek özelliği ve artırılmış yanma verimliliği nedeniyle biyokütle yanması için uygun bir teknolojidir. Bu çalışmada, buğday samanı, mısır sapı, pirinç kabuğu, badem kabuğu, ceviz kabuğu ve şeker kamışı küspesi gibi tarımsal artıkların akışkan yatakta yakılmasından kaynaklanan atmosferik emisyonlar, matematiksel bir yanma modeli kullanılarak 1 MW termal enerji üretimi için değerlendirilmiştir. Biyokütlenin karbon nötr doğası nedeniyle biyokütleden CO2 emisyonları sıfır olarak kabul edilebilir. Badem kabuğu ve şeker kamışı küspesi en düşük SO2 ve NOx emisyonlarını göstermiştir. Şeker kamışı küspesi, bu çalışmada incelenen biyokütle türlerine kıyasla daha düşük korozyon riski göstermiştir. Biyokütle yanmasının performansı ve işleyişi, sırasıyla kireçtaşı eklenerek kükürtün tutulması ve katkı maddeleri eklenerek külle ilgili sorunların riskinin azaltılması ile artırılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tarımsal atık, akışkan yatak, yanma, emisyon, çevre

Emission Assessment of Agro-Waste Combustion

Biomass can be used to meet energy needs for electricity generation, residential and commercial buildings’ heating, industrial process heating, transportation, etc. Future of bioenergy sector depends on the availability of biomass resources and development in conversion technologies. Fluidized bed combustion is a favorable technology for biomass combustion due its fuel flexible feature and enhanced combustion efficiency. In this study, the atmospheric emissions from fluidized bed combustion of agricultural residues such as wheat straw, corn stalk, rice husk, almond shell, walnut shell and sugarcane bagasse were estimated for 1 MW thermal energy production by using a mathematical combustion model. CO2 emissions from biomass can be regarded as zero due to the carbon neutral nature of biomass. Almond shell and sugarcane bagasse has shown the lowest SO2 and NOx emissions. Sugarcane bagasse has shown lower corrosion risk compared to the biomass types examined in this study. Performance and operation of biomass combustion can be enhanced by addition of limestone and additives for sulfur capturing and reducing the risk for ash related problems, respectively.

Keywords:

Agricultural residues, Fluidized bed, Combustion, Emission, Environment,

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