Mikrobiyal Yakıt Hücrelerinde Kullanılan Polimer Bazlı Membranlarla İlgili Son Gelişmeler

Fosil yakıtların gelecekteki enerji ihtiyacını karşılayamayacak olması ve canlıların yaşamını sürdürebilmesi için hayati öneme sahip su kaynaklarını kirletmesi, günümüzde enerji gereksinimi ve su kirliliği gibi iki büyük probleme sebep olmaktadır. Yakıt hücrelerinin özel bir sınıfı olan Mikrobiyal Yakıt Hücresi (MYH) sistemleri, atık su arıtımı yaparak yeşil enerji sağladıkları ve fosil yakıtlara olan ihtiyacı azalttıkları için günümüzde üzerinde en fazla çalışma gerçekleştirilen teknolojilerden biridir. Bu cihazlardaki verim, büyük ölçüde MYH sistemlerinin önemli bileşeni olan membranlara ve özelliklerine bağlıdır. MYH sistemlerinde en fazla tercih edilen membran, 80⁰C’ye kadar yüksek verime sahip Dupont firması tarafından üretilen Nafyon ticari membranıdır. Nafyon membran, pahalı ve MYH sistemlerinin performansını düşürecek kısıtlara sahip olduğundan araştırmacılar, Nafyon’a alternatif olabilecek yüksek verim ve uygun fiyatlı membran sentezi üzerine yoğunlaşmışlardır. Polimer malzemeler; uygun fiyatları ve kolay işlenebilirlikleri ile en fazla tercih edilen membran malzemeleridir. Bu derleme makalesinde son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen polimer bazlı kompozit, blend, Nafyon modifiye ve son yıllarda daha yüksek verim getireceği düşünüldüğü için çalışmaların yoğunlaştığı bipolar (çift kutuplu) membranlar incelenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda MYH sistemlerinin ticarileşmesi açısından umut vadeden sonuçlar elde edildiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mikrobiyal Yakıt Hücresi, Polimer Membran, Kompozit Membran, Blend Membran, Nafyon Modifiye Membran, Bipolar Membran.

Recent Development of Polymer Based Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells

Since fossil fuels cannot provide the energy needs of the future and that they pollute the water resources that are vital for the survival of living things cause two major problems today; energy scarcity and water pollution. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) systems, which are a special class of fuel cells, are one of the most studied technologies today, as they provide green energy by treating wastewater and reduce the need for fossil fuels. The efficiency of these devices is highly dependent on the types and the properties of the membranes, which are important components of MFC systems. The most widely used membrane in MFC systems is the Nafion commercial membrane produced by Dupont, which has high efficiency of up to 80 ⁰C. Since Nafion membrane is expensive and has some limitations that will reduce the performance of MFC systems, researchers focused on high efficiency and affordable membrane synthesis, which can be an alternative to Nafion. Polymer materials are the most preferred membrane materials with theirreasonable prices and easy workability. In this review article, polymer-based composite, blend, Nafion modified, and bipolar membranes, which have been focused on because it is thought to bring higher efficiency in recent years, have been examined. It has been seen that promising results for the commercialization of MFC systems were obtained in investigated studies.

Keywords:

Microbial Fuel Cell, Polymer Membrane, Composite Membrane, Blend Membrane, Nafion Modified Membrane, Bipolar Membrane,

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