Kentsel Yüzey Isı Adalarının Belirlenmesinde Yer Yüzey Sıcaklık Verilerinin Kullanımı

Kentsel ısı adası (KIA) etkisi çevre, enerji ve sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Hava sıcaklığındaki kentsel-kırsal farklılıklar, yer yüzeyinden yansıyan ışınlardan doğrudan etkilenmektedir. Kentsel Arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanımı (AÖ/AK) ve değişimleri YYS’yi önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Adana kent merkezi için kış ve yaz mevsiminde LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS uydusundan yer yüzeyine dayalı ölçümlerden elde edilen YYS ile kentsel AÖ/AK’nın kentsel yüzey ısı adası (SUHI) üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. YYS sıcaklığı kış aylarında en yüksek Kesikli/Süreksiz Orta Yoğun Şehir Yapısında (%30-%50) (28,4℃), Endüstiyel ve Ticari birimlerde (24,1℃) ve İzole yapılarda (18,8℃) görülmüştür. Yaz aylarında ise en yüksek Endüstriyel ve Ticari birimlerde (47,8℃), Karayolları ve İlgili Alanlarda (42℃), Spor ve eğlence alanlarında (40,1℃) ve Sürekli şehir yapısında (40,0℃) görülmüştür. Kentsel dokudaki geçirgen yüzeylerin geçirimsiz yüzeylere hızlı bir şekilde dönüştürülmesiyle kentsel yüzey ısı dalgalarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da geniş geçirimsiz yüzeylere sahip olan havalimanı ile Endüstriyel ve Ticari birimlerinde SUHI yoğunluğunun en yüksek olduğu alanlardır. SUHI yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu bu alanlarda YYS sıcaklığının azaltılması Adana kentinin mekânsal plancılarına gelecekte planlı ve sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişimin sağlanması için iklime duyarlı planlamaya etkin bir şekilde odaklanılması gerekliliğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

LANDSAT 8, Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı, Kentsel Yüzey Isı Adası, Adana

Use of Land Surface Temperature Data to Determine Urban Surface Heat Island

The urban heat island (UHI) effect causes environmental, energy and health problems. Urban-rural differences in air temperature are directly affected by the surface reflectance. Urban Land use/land cover (LULC) and its changes significantly affect land surface temperature (LST). In this study, the effects of the urban LULC on the urban surface heat island (SUHI) were analyzed with the LST obtained from the earth surface-based measurements from the LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS satellite in winter and summer seasons for Adana city center. LST is highest in Discontinuous Medium Density Urban Fabric (30% - 50%) (28.4 ℃), Industrial and Commercial units (24.1 ℃) and Isolated structures (18.8 ℃) in winter months. In summer season, Higher LST is seen in Industrial and Commercial units (47.8 ℃), Highways and Associated Land (42 ℃), Sports and leisure facilities (40.1 ℃) and Continuous urban fabric (40.0 ℃). The rapid transformation of pervious surfaces in the urban fabric into impervious surfaces causes the emergence of urban surface heat waves. In this study, the airport and Industrial and Commercial units, which have impervious surfaces, are the areas with the highest SUHI density. Reducing the LST temperature in these areas with high SUHI density shows the spatial planners of the city of Adana that it is necessary to focus effectively on climate-sensitive urban planning in order to ensure planned and sustainable urban development in the future.

Keywords:

LANDSAT 8, Land Surface Temperature, Surface Urban Heat Island, Adana,

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