BESİNLERDEKİ ENDOKRİN BOZUCULAR

Hormon sistemleri olarak da adlandırılan endokrin sistem, tüm memelilerde, kuşlarda, balıklarda ve diğer birçok canlı organizmada bulunmaktadır. İç salgı bezleri, bu bezler tarafından üretilen hormonlar, hormonların hedef organları ve dokulardaki reseptörler bu sistemde yer almaktadır. Hipotalamus-hipofiz, tiroid, paratiroid bezi, böbrek üstü, gonadlar-cinsiyet bezleri ve pankreas endokrin sistemde yer alan bezlerdir. Endokrin bozucular, endokrin sisteminin hormon yapısını veya reseptörünü taklit gibi birçok etki mekanizması ile çevre ve insan sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bugüne kadar Avrupa Komisyonu 535 adet endokrin bozucu saptayarak raporunda bildirmiştir. Beslenme olmadan yaşamı sürdürmek mümkün olmadığı için besinlerdeki endokrin bozuculara her gün maruz kalınmaktadır. Konserveler, plastikler, besine uygulanan işlemler, çevresel kirlilik gibi birçok etkenlerle endokrin bozucular besinlere bulaşmaktadır. Besinlerde bulunan temel endokrin bozucular; bisfenol A, fitalatlar, fitoöstrojenler, pestisitler ve ağır metallerdir. Endokrin bozucuların çoğunun hastalık mekanizmaları henüz bildirilmemiştir. Hastalık mekanizmaları belirlenenmiş endokrin bozucuların hepsinde farklı mekanizmalar gözlenmektedir. Bu derlemede besinlerdeki endokrin bozucular, tolere edilebilir alım miktarları, besinlerin içerisindeki miktarlar ve bu endokrin bozucuların hastalık yapıcı etkilerinden bahsedilecektir.

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