Kamu yöneticileri ve kamu politikası: Kamu yönetimi paradigmaları çerçevesinde teorik bir analiz

Kamu yöneticilerinin kamu politikası ile ilişkileri kamu yönetiminin bitmeyen tartışmalarından biridir. Kamu yöneticilerinin kamu politikaları ile ilişkileri nasıl olmalıdır? Kamu politikalarını etkilemeli midir? Kamu politikalarının tamamen dışında mı kalmalıdır? Bu çalışmada kamu yönetimi paradigmaları çerçevesinde kamu yöneticilerinin kamu politikası ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Klasik Kamu Yönetiminin temsilcileri yöneticilerinin kamu politikalarının dışında kalması gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır zira kamu çalışanlarının görevi politikacıların belirlediği politikaları uygulamaktır. Yeni Kamu Yönetimi akımının temsilcileri ise kamu politikası ile ilgili kararlarda kamu yöneticilerinin uzmanlığını kullanması gerektiğini bu bağlamda da kamu yöneticilerinin kaçınılmaz olarak kamu politikaları kararlarını etkilediğini belirtmişlerdir. Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği taraftarlarına göre ise kamu yöneticileri toplumun sorunlarına ve bürokrasi kaynaklı problemlere çözümler bulmak için liderlik fonksiyonu eda eden girişimciler olmalıdır. Bu anlamda risk almaktan kaçınmamalı; gerekirse yeni politikalar uygulamaktan çekinmemelidirler. Yeni Kamu Hizmeti anlayışı ise kamu yöneticilerini risk alan devlet çalışanları olarak değil toplum yararını ön plana alan, kamu kurumlarının karını değil topluma sağladığı faydaları ön plana çıkaran güçlü figürler olarak görmektedir. Kamu çalışanları, toplum ve toplumun parçası olarak vatandaşların yararını ön plana çıkaran değişik programlar uygulamak durumunda olduklarından esasında kamu politikalarını doğrudan etkileyen bir güç olarak değerlendirilebilir. Denilebilir ki, kamu yöneticilerinin kamu politikaları üzerindeki rolleri zamanın dinamikleri ve sosyal duyarlılıklarına göre değişen kamu yönetimi paradigmalarınca farklı yaklaşımlarla değerlendirilmektedir. Her ne kadar paradigmaların bakış açıları farklı olsa da ortaya çıkan temel tema, kamu yöneticilerinin kamu politikalarının dışında düşünülemeyeceği, kamu politikalarıyla sürekli iç içe olduğudur.

Public administrators and public policy: A theoretical analysis in frame of paradigms of public administration

The relationship of public administrators with public policy has been an enduring debate in the field of public administration. How should the relationship happen? Should public administrators affect public policies? Or should they stay away policy process? This study analyzes the relationship of public administrators with public policy through examining the paradigms of public administration from the early days of the field to today. Advocates of Classical Public Administration argue that public administrators should stay away politics. Administrators should implement the policies enacted by law- makers. Scientists of New Public Administration, however, emphasize that public policy process should take expertize of public administrators into account. According to New Public Administration, public managers are talented people who solve the problems of the society and problems arise from the governance. Accordingly, they should not avoid taking risks and should implement new policies, if needed. New Public Service contends that public administrators are not risk takers but strong figures who take care of public good. Public administrators should not focus on efficiency and productivity of organizations but societal functions organizations play. Administrators affect public policy because they implement different policies for public good. Accordingly, different paradigms discussed the relationships of public administrators with public policies differently. Changing times, social events and dynamics affect the paradigms stances about the relationship. While paradigms differ in their position, one might conclude that public administrators cannot be isolated from public policies; they are intertwined.

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