İkinci Meşrutiyetin ilânını meteakip Kanun-i Esasi’de yapılan değişiklikler neticesinde, tarihimizde en fazla sayıda siyasî cemiyet ve partilerin bu dönemde kurulduğu görülüyor. Bu dönem fikrî ve siyasî bakımdan en canlı dönemdir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin çöküş döneminde, "Türkiye nasıl kurtulur?" Sorusunun cevabı olarak ortaya atılan çeşitli görüşler, bu dönem Osmanlı aydınları arasında yer bulmuş, II. Meşrutiyet sonrası da bu görüşler özellikle cemiyet, parti ve basın organları ismiyle siyasî kimliğe kavuşmuşlardı.

After the First World War, the victorious Allied powers were unable to dispose of the Turkish question despite months of deliberation. The rivalry of the Allİed powers, particularly of Great Britain and France, över the lands of the old Ottoman Empire, the Greek occupation of Smyma in May 1919 and the subsequent rise of the Nationalİst Movement in the interior under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal *1 which resisted the post-war Allied adjustments and defied the inability of the Ottoman govemment to save the country from foreign invasİon, ali combined to make such a treaty impossible for the Allies. When anti-Nationalist Damad Ferid Paşa, the Grand Vizier and the Sultan's son-in-law, was İn power on 5 April 1920 for the fourth time, the British were confident that the Ottoman government in Constantinople was önce again in their camp. In British eyes, Damad Ferid was perhaps more sincerely convinced than any other statesman of the first rank that Turkey’s sole hope of salvatioıı lay in a good understanding with Great Britain. 2 Now, İt was time for the Allies to complete the Turkish treaty and force Damad Ferid to sign it. The Supreme council met at San Remo on 18 April with such a purpose in mind.