Sürdürülebilir Okul Tasarımında Gün Işığı Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Sürdürülebilir okul tasarımındaki temel amaçlardan biri gün ışığından daha fazla yararlanılmasıdır. Gün ışığının kullanımıyla, yapay aydınlatma gereksinimi en aza düşürülmekte ve öğrenme ortamında öğrencilerin başarısı desteklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, son yıllarda sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri doğrultusunda tasarlanmış okullarda gün ışığı alımını desteklemek için yararlanılan yöntemleri tanımlayabilmek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında sürdürülebilir okul örneklerinde gün ışığı alımının arttırılmasına yönelik çözümler “gün ışığının alımında olanaklar, gün ışığının kontrolü ve desteklenmesi” konuları kapsamında incelenmektedir. Değerlendirilen örneklerde gün ışığı alımı, güney yönünde geniş açıklıklar, kat yüksekliğinde pencereler ve tepe ışığı sağlayan açıklıklar birlikte kullanılarak sağlanmaktadır. Gün ışığı alımının desteklenmesi amacı bina formunun belirlenmesinde de etkili olmaktadır. Gün ışığından korunmada ışığa duyarlı hareket eden tekstil katmanlar, panjur sistemleri kullanılmakta ve enerji tüketimi büyük ölçüde düşürülmektedir. Gün ışığı alımının desteklenmesinde ışığı iç mekâna yönlendiren ışık raflarından ve su yüzeylerinin yansıtıcı özelliğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Okul binaları tasarımında, gün ışığından yararlanılması hedefi doğrultusunda belirtilen yöntemlerin bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesine önem verilmelidir.

A Study on Applications of Daylight Use in Sustainable School Design

One of the main goals in sustainable school design is to get more value from daylight. When using natural light, the need for artificial lighting is minimized and the success of students in the learning environment is maintained. In this context, the purpose of this study is to identify the methods used to support the use of daylight in schools designed in accordance with the principles of sustainability. As part of the study, solutions were considered to increase daylight consumption in school samples, designed to ensure sustainability as part of “providing daylight, controlling daylight, and supporting natural light”. In the studied samples, the receiving of natural light is provided in various ways, glazing in the south wall, using windows at the height of the floor, openings on top of the room and in some cases combining these strategies. The goal of supporting natural lighting is to effectively determine the shape of buildings. Textile layers, daylight sensitive louvre systems are used in protection against daylight, and energy consumption is significantly reduced. Light shelves that direct light inwards and the reflective properties of water surfaces are used to support daylight. When designing school buildings, attention should be paid to evaluating the approaches mentioned in accordance with the objective of supporting the production of natural light.

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