Study of Cysts Biometry and Hatching Percentage of the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani (Tunisia) According to Successive Generations

Study of Cysts Biometry and Hatching Percentage of the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani (Tunisia) According to Successive Generations

Artemia salina cysts harvested from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani were hatched and cultivated in the laboratory. The obtained nauplii were acclimated at 90 ppt and fed with Dunaliella salina microalgae until the adult stage called generation 1 (G1) was reached. Ten couples were isolated and acclimated in the same conditions. Observations of the offspring lasted for a maximum of 60 days. Cysts obtained from G1 were collected and counted. Cyst diameter, chorion thickness and hatching percentage were established. Nauplii obtained from G1 were labelled G2. The third (G3) and the fourth (G4) generations were studied similarly. A significant variation of untreated cyst diameter between G1 (234.7±14.1 μm) and the subsequent generations, notably G3 (210.9±14 μm) were registered. Decapsulated cyst diameter delayed significantly from 218.5±12.8 (G1) to 190.8±10.1 (G3). The chorion thickness ranged between 8.1 (G1) and 10.5 (G2). Therefore, an interesting boost of untreated cysts hatching percentage was observed from 69±2.3% (G1) to 76±3.7% (G4). These results highlighted the variability of cyst diameter across successive generations, even cultivated under laboratory scale. An improvement of hatching quality was detected when environmental conditions became favorable.

___

  • Abatzopoulos, T. J., Baxevanis, A. D., Triantaphyllidis, G. V, Criel, G., Pador, E. L., Van Stappen, G., & Sorgeloos, P. (2006). Quality evaluation of Artemia urmiana Günther (Urmia Lake, Iran) with special emphasis on its particular cyst characteristics (International Study on Artemia LXIX). Aquaculture, 254(1–4), 442–454.
  • Ben Naceur, H., Ben Rejeb Jenhani, A., & Romdhane, M. (2012a). Review of the biogeography of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Tunisia. International Journal of Artemia Biology, 2(1), 24–39.
  • Ben Naceur, H., Ben Rejeb Jenhani, A., & Romdhane, M. S. (2012b). Biometrical study of Artemia spp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) cysts harvested from different salt lakes in Tunisia. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8 (2): 308-314.
  • Ben Naceur, H., Ben Rejeb Jenhani, A., & Romdhane, M. S. (2012). Quality characterization of cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia salina from Tunisia focusing on their potential use in aquaculture. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki, 17, 16–25.
  • Ben Naceur, H., Ghazali, N., Ben Rejeb Jenhani, A., & Romdhane, M. S. (2013). Study of the fatty acid composition of Artemia salina cysts from Tunisia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(7), 1795–1803. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413000623
  • Brisset, P., Versichele, D., Bossuyt, E., De Ruyck, L., & Sorgeloos, P. (1982). High density flow-through culturing of brine shrimp Artemia on inert feeds—preliminary results with a modified culture system. Aquacultural Engineering, 1(2), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(82)90003-6
  • Camara, M. R., Monteiro, P. A., Reis, L. G., & Costa, M. F. (2004). Farming Artemia in a multi-cycle culture system in Northeastern Brazil. World Aquaculture. 35(2): 40-42.
  • Camara, M. R. (2020). After the gold rush: A review of Artemia cyst production in northeastern Brazil. Aquaculture Reports, 17:100359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100359
  • Camargo, W. N., Durán, G. C., Rada, O. C., Hernández, L. C., Linero, J. G., Muelle, I. M., & Sorgeloos, P. (2005). Determination of biological and physicochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strains in hypersaline environments for aquaculture in the Colombian Caribbean. Saline Systems, 4, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1448-1-9
  • Castro, T. B., Gajardo, G., Castro, J. M., & Castro, G. M. (2006). A biometric and ecologic comparison between Artemia from Mexico and Chile. Saline Systems, 2(13), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1448-2-13
  • Claus, C., Benijts, F., & Sorgeloos, P. (1977). Comparative study of different geographical strains of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. In E. Jaspers, (Ed.), Fundamental and Applied Research on the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina (L.) in Belgium. European Mariculture Society, Special Publication, (2), pp. 91-105.
  • D'Agostino, A. S. (1965). Comparative studies of Artemia salina (Development and Physiology). New York University, Ph.D. thesis, University Microfilm 66-5653. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor,
  • Michigan.Dai, Z., Li, R., Dai, L., Yang, J., Chen, S., Zeng, Q., Yang, F., & Yang, W. (2011). Determination in oocytes of the reproductive modes for the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica. Bioscience Reports, 31, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20090141
  • Dhont, J., & Sorgeloos, P. (2002). Applications of Artemia. In Artemia: Basic and applied biology (pp. 251–277). Springer.
  • El-magsodi, M. O., Bossier, P., Sorgeloos, P., & Van Stappen, G. (2014). Hatching and nutritional quality of Artemia cysts progressively deteriorates as a function of increased exposure to hydration / dehydration cycles. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9763-9
  • Gajardo, G. M., & Beardmore, J. A. (2012). The brine shrimp Artemia: adapted to critical life conditions. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00185
  • Gauthier, H. (1928). Recherches sur la faune des eaux continentales de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie. In Thesis and Dissertations. Minerva, Alger, Algerie.
  • Hontoria, F. (1990). Caracterizacion de tres poblaciones originarias del area levantina espanola del crustaceo branquiopodo Artemia. Aplicacion en acuicultura. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
  • Iryani, M. T. M., Sorgeloos, P., Danish-daniel, M., Tan, M. P., Wong, L. L., Mok, W. J., Satyantini, W. H., Mahasri, G., & Sung, Y. Y. (2020). Cyst viability and stress tolerance upon heat shock protein 70 knockdown in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress and Chaperones, Clegg 2011, 1–5.
  • Kara, M. H., Bengraine, K. A., & Derbal, F. (2004). Quality evaluation of a new strain of Artemia from Chott Marouane (Northeast Algeria). Aquaculture, 235(1-4), 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.016
  • Lavens, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1996). Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. In P. Lavens & P. Sorgeloos (Eds.), FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). https://ftp.fao.org/.../w3732e00.pdf
  • Litvinenko, L. I., Litvinenko, A. I., Boiko, E. G., & Kutsanov, K. (2015). Artemia cyst production in Russia. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(6), 1436–1450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-015-4381-6
  • Ma, W.-M., Li, H.-W., Dai, Z.-M., Yang, J.-S., Yang, F., & Yang, W.-J. (2013). Chitin-binding proteins of Artemia diapause cysts participate in formation of the embryonic cuticle layer of cyst shells. Biochemical Journal, 449(1), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20121259
  • Mathlouthi, W. (2010). Etude des ressources zooplanctoniques de la Saline SAÎDA et de Sebkha Sidi El Hani. Mastère : Aquaculture et Biotechnologie Marine, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, université de Monastir, Tunisie.
  • Newmark, F. (1992). Comparación experimental de las cepas de Colombia de Artemia (Galera Zamba, Manaurey Pozos Colorados). En la larvicultura de postlarvas, cultivo y evaluación de microorganismos como alimento. Volumen 1, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Tecnología Para El Desarrollo. Subprograma II Acuicultura. 1992, 231-239.
  • Podrabsky, J. E., & Hand, S. C. (2015). Physiological strategies during animal diapause: lessons from brine shrimp and annual killifish. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 218, 1897–1906. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116194
  • Post, F. J., & Youssef, N. N. (1977). A procaryotic intracellular symbiont of the Great Salt Lake brine shrimp Artemia salina (L.). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 23(9), 1232–1236. https://doi.org/10.1139/m77-184
  • Robbins, H. M., Stappen, G. Van, Sorgeloos, P., Sung, Y. Y., Macrae, T. H., & Bossier, P. (2010). Diapause termination and development of encysted Artemia embryos: roles for nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 213(9), 1464–1470. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.041772
  • Sellami, I., Charmantier, G., Naceur, H. B., Kacem, A., & Lorin-Nebel, C. (2020). Osmoregulatory performance and immunolocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase in the branchiopod Artemia salina from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani (Tunisia). Tissue and Cell, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2020.101340
  • Sorgeloos, P., Dhert, P., & Candreva, P. (2001). Use of the brine shrimp, Artemia sp., in marine fish larviculture. Aquaculture, 200, 147–159.
  • Sorgeloos, P., & Kulasekarapandian, S. (1984). Production and use of Artemia in aquaculture. CMFRI special publication, 15, 1-73.
  • Sorgeloos, P., Lavens, P., Léger, P., Tackaert, W., & Versichele, D. (1986). Manual for the culture and use of brine shrimp Artemia in aquaculture. Belgium, Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Agriculture, State University Ghent, pp. 319.
  • Tagorti, M. A., Essefi, E., Touir, J., Guellala, R., & Yaich, C. (2013). Geochemical controls of groundwaters upwelling in saline environments: Case study the discharge playa of Sidi El Hani (Sahel, Tunisia). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 86, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.05.004
  • Tan, J., & Macrae, T. H. (2018). Stress tolerance in diapausing embryos of Artemia franciscana is dependent on heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1). PLoS ONE, 13(7), e0200153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200153
  • Van Stappen, G. (1996). Use of cysts. In P. Lavens & P. Sorgeloos (Eds.), Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture (Vol. 361, pp. 107–136). FAO.
  • Van Stappen, G., Sui, L., Hoa, V. N., Tamtin, M., Nyonje, B., de Medeiros Rocha, R., Sorgeloos, P., & Gajardo, G. (2020). Review on integrated production of the brine shrimp Artemia in solar salt ponds. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 1054–1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12371
  • Vanhaecke, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1980). International Study on Artemia *. XIV. Growth and Survival of Artemia Larvae of Different Geographical Origin in a Standard Culture Test. 3, 303–307.
  • Vanhaecke, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1980). International Study on Artemia IV. The biometrics of Artemia strains from different geographical origins. The brine shrimp Artemia, 3, 393–405.Vanhaecke, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1982). International study on Artemia. XVIII. The hatching rate of Artemia cysts—a comparative study. Aquacultural Engineering, 1(4), 263–273.
  • Wurtsbaugh, W. A., Miller, C., Null, S. E., Justin De Rose, R., Wilcock, P., Hahnenberger, M., Howe, F., & Moore, J. (2017). Decline of the world’s saline lakes. Nature Geoscience, 10(11), 816–821. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO3052