THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND NORMS IN FLU VACCINATON

Grip aşılanma oranları, müdahalelere ve kamu spotlarına rağmen istenen seviyenin altında kalmaktadır. Ayrıca, son zamanlarda aşı karşıtı hareket de artmaktadır. Ayrıklık yönetimi kuramı (AYK), insanların diğerlerinden ayırt edilebilecek olumlu bir benlik imajı elde etmeye ve sürdürmeye çalıştıklarını ileri sürmektedir. Bu, toplumun normdan sapmaları nasıl algıladığına odaklanarak mümkündür. Bu çalışma, grip aşısı olma niyetini AYK çerçevesinden, benzersiz olma ihtiyacı, ait olma ihtiyacı, büyük beşli, algılanan grip riski ve algılanan normları dahil ederek incelenmektedir. Bulgular, grip aşısı yaptırmanın norm olduğu ve grip aşısı yaptırmayan kişilerin onaylanmadığının vurgulandığı durumlarda aşı olma niyetinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, yüksek uyumluluk ve yüksek grip riski algısı, aşılama niyetlerinin önemli yordayıcıları olarak görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulgularına dayanarak aşılamanın artırılmasına yönelik müdahalelerin normatif bir fikir birliğini vurgulaması ve algılanan duyarlılığı artırmaya odaklanması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Grip, aşı, ayrıklık yönetimi kuramı, norm, mesaj çerçeveleme

The Role of Individual Differences and Norms in Flu Vaccination

Flu vaccination rates remain below the desired, despite the interventions and public service announcements designed to increase them. Furthermore, an anti-vaccination movement has been on the rise recently. The deviance regulation theory (DRT) proposes that people try to achieve and maintain a positive self-image that can be distinguished from others. The way to attain this goal is to focus on how society perceives deviants. The current study examines flu vaccination intentions from a DRT framework, including the need for uniqueness, need to belong, the Big Five, perceived risk of flu, and perceived norms. The results indicated that people are more likely to get vaccinated when getting the flu vaccination is the norm, and when people are not approved otherwise. Moreover, higher agreeableness and a higher perception of susceptibility to flu were significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Overall, interventions on increasing vaccination should emphasize a normative consensus and increase perceived susceptibility.

Keywords:

Flu, vaccine, deviance regulation theory, norm, message frame,

PDF

___

Agarwal, V. (2014). A/H1N1 vaccine intentions in college students: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of American College Health, 62(6), 416-424.
Baumeister, R. F. (1982). A self-presentational view of social phenomena. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 3-26.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
Blanton, H., & Christie, C. (2003). Deviance regulation: A theory of identity and action. Review of General Psychology, 7(2), 115-149.
Blanton, H., Stuart, A. E., & Van den Eijnden, R. J. (2001). An introduction to deviance-regulation theory: The effect of behavioural norms on message framing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(7), 848-858.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol.1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475– 482.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2015-16 Influenza Season. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1516estimates.htm
daCosta DiBonaventura, M., & Chapman, G. B. (2005). Moderators of the intention–behavior relationship in influenza vaccinations: Intention stability and unforeseen barriers. Psychology and Health, 20(6), 761-774.
DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33(4), 533-552.
Duval, S. (1972). Conformity of a visual task as a function of personal novelty on attitudinal dimensions and being reminded of the object status of the self (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas, Texas.
Ferguson, E., & Gallagher, L. (2007). Message framing with respect to decisions about vaccination: The roles of frame valence, frame method and perceived risk. British Journal of Psychology, 98(4), 667-680.
Freud, S. (1930). Civilization and its discontents. London: Hogarth Press.
Grohskopf, L. A., Sokolow, L. Z., Olsen, S. J., Bresee, J. S., Broder, K. R., & Karron, R. A. (2015). Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015-16 influenza season. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(30), 818-825.
Godin, G., Vézina-Im, L. A., & Naccache, H. (2010). Determinants of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 31(7), 689-693.
Gorman, J. R., Brewer, N. T., Wang, J. B., & Chambers, C. D. (2012). Theory-based predictors of influenza vaccination among pregnant women. Vaccine, 31(1), 213-218.
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. (1991). The Big Five inventory—Version 4a and 54. Berkeley: CA. University of California Berkeley. Institute of Personality and Social Research.
Han, G., Zhang, J., Chu, K., & Shen, G. (2014). Self–other differences in H1N1 flu risk perception in a global context: A comparative study between the United States and China. Health Communication, 29(2), 109-123.
Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A. & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the need to belong scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 610-624.
Lynn, M. & J. Harris (1997). Individual differences in the pursuit of self-uniqueness through consumption. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(21), 1861-1883.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. New York: Van Nostrand.
Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1989). Newcomers and oldtimers in small groups. In P. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of group influence (Vol. 2, pp. 143-186). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Morton, T. A., & Duck, J. M. (2001). Communication and health beliefs: Mass and interpersonal influences on perceptions of risk to self and others. Communication Research, 28(5), 602-626.
OECD (2020) Influenza vaccination rates. Retrived from https://data.oecd.org/healthcare/influenza-vaccination-rates.htm
Pickett, C. L., Gardner, W. L., & Knowles, M. (2004). Getting a cue: The need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1095-1107.
Snyder, C. R., & Endelman, J. R. (1979). Effects of degree of interpersonal similarity on physical distance and self-reported attraction: A comparison of uniqueness and reinforcement theory predictions. Journal of Personality, 47, 492–505.
Snyder, C. R., & Fromkin, H. L. (1977). Abnormality as a positive characteristic: The development and validation of a scale measuring need for uniqueness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 518-527.
Sümer, N., Lajunen, T., & Özkan, T. (2005). Big Five personality traits as the distal predictors of road accident involvement. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Traffic and transport psychology (pp. 215-227). Oxford, England: Elsevier.
Turkish Statistical Institute (2017). Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=RvnhZnHYdk21Rvpl8xzjn8htZs5L4yl2tvQbpS4PCnR4QhSMZ4Lv!- 1705611173?id=24573
Weinstein, N. D., Kwitel, A., McCaul, K. D., Magnan, R. E., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Risk perceptions: assessment and relationship to influenza vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 146-151.
Weir, H. B. (1971). Deprivation of the need for uniqueness and some variables moderating its effects (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Georgia, Georgia