Serum inflammation biomarkers are associated with stages of Parkinson’s disease

Aim: The aim was to identify serum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR) and C - reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) according to disease stage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease(IPD).Material and Methods: The study included 211 patients IPD diagnosis and 200 healthy individuals abiding by the exclusion criteria.Patients with Stage 4 and 5 IPD according to Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging were not included in the study. The control groupcomprised individuals in the same age interval as IPD patients, with normal neurological examinations, Mental State Examination(MMSE) score above 24 and Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDRS) score below 11 who abided by the exclusion criteria.Results: For males and females in the IPD group, serum MLR, NLR and CAR were found to be high (p

PDF

___

1. Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2015;386:896- 912.
2. Markó-Kucsera M, Vécsei L, Paulik E. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson’s Disease- a casa control study in South East Hungary. Ideggyogy Sz 2018;71:57-62.
3. Lökk J. Caregiver strain in Parkinson’s disease and the impact of disease duration. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2008;44:39-4.
4. Yazar T, Yazar HO, Zayimoğlu E. et al. Incidence of sarcopenia and dynapenia according to stage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2018;39:1415-21.
5. Gökçe Çokal B, Yurtdas M, Keskin Guler S, et al. Serum glutathione peroxidase, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2017;38:425-31.
6. Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, Quiroga-Varela A, et al. Oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease. Front Neuroanat 2015;9:91.
7. Kaur K, Gill JS, Bansal PK, et al. Neuroinflammation - A major cause for striatal dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2017;381:308-14.
8. Pankratz N, Foroud T. Genetics of Parkinson Disease. NeuroRx 2004;1:235-42.
9. Gallagher DA, Schapira AH. Etiopathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2009;9:860-8. 10. Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:368-76.
11. Yazar T, Yazar HO. Prevalance of sarcopenia according to decade. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019;137-41.
12. Olgun Yazar H, Yazar, T. Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with geriatric depression diagnosis. Ir J Med Sci 2019;188:931-8.
13. Akıl E, Bulut A, Kaplan İ, et al. The increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2015;36:423-8.
14. Mungan S, Eruyar E, Güzel I, et al. Prognostic factors in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Dicle Med J 2014;41:667-70.
15. Ozdemir HH. Analysis of the albumin level, neutrophillymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in Guillain- Barré syndrome. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2016;74:718-22.
16. Akıl E, Akıl MA, Varol S, et al. Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are novel inflammatory predictors of cerebral ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;23:2328-34.
17. Park MG, Kim MK, Chae SH, et al. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio on day 7 is associated with outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2018;39:243-9.
18. Niranjan R. Recent advances in the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and their roles in neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2018;120:13-20.
19. Huang Y, Ying Z, Quan W, et al. The clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-tolymphocyte ratio in Guillain–Barré syndrome, Int J Neurosci 2018;87:29-35.
20. Ethemoglu O, Calik M. Effect of serum inflammatory markers on the prognosis of adult and pediatric patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018;14:1255-60.
21. Auezova R, Ryskeldiev N, Doskaliyev A, et al. Association of preoperative levels of selected blood inflammatory markers with prognosis in gliomas. Onco Targets Ther 2016;9:6111- 7.
22. Sanjari Moghaddam H, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Mojtahed Zadeh M, et al. Association Between Peripheral Inflammation and DATSCAN Data of the Striatal Nuclei in Different Motor Subtypes of Parkinson Disease. Front Neurol 2018;9:234.
23. Uçar AC, Gökçe Çokal B, Ünal Artık HA, et al. Comparison of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in Parkinson’s disease subtypes. Neurol Sci 2017;38:287-93.
24. Rembach A, Watt AD, Wilson WJ, et al. An increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer’s disease is a function of age and is weakly correlated with neocortical amyloid accumulation. J Neuroimmunol 2014;273:65-71.
25. Kalelioglu T, Yuruyen M, Gultekin G, et al. The neutrophil and platelet to lymphocyte ratios in people with subjective, mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer’s disease. Psychogeriatrics 2017;17:506-8.
26. Ozdemir HH, Akil E, Acar A, et al. Changes in serum albumin levels and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in patients with convulsive status epilepticus, Int J Neurosci. 2017;127:417- 20.
27. Altintas O, Altintas MO, Tasal A, et al. The relationship of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with clinical outcome and final infarct core in acute ischemic stroke patients who have undergone endovascular therapy. Neurol Res 2016;38:759- 65.
28. Köklü E, Yüksel İÖ, Arslan Ş, et al. Is Elevated Neutrophilto- Lymphocyte Ratio a Predictor of Stroke in Patients with Intermediate Carotid Artery Stenosis? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25:578-84.
29. Akboğa YE, Bektas H, Anlar O. Usefulness of platelet lymphocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios in predicting the presence of serebral venous sinüs thrombosis and in-hospital majör adverse cerebral events. J Neurol Sci 2017;380:226-9.
30. Bisgaard AK, Pihl-Jensen G, Frederiksen JL. The neutrophilto- lymphocyte ratio as disease actvity marker in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017;18:213-7.
31. Yang DH, Qian MZ, Wei MM, et al. The correlation of neutrophilto- lymphocyte ratio with the presence and activity of myasthenia gravis. Oncotarget 201716;8:76099-7.
32. Karabulut KU, Egercioglu TU, Uyar M,et al. The change of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio in migraine attacks: A casecontrolled study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 201627;10:52-6.
33. Luan YY, Yao YM. The Clinical Significance and Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 20187;9:1302.
34. Vachatova S, Andrys C, Krejsek J, Salavec M, et al. Metabolic syndrome and selective inflammatory markers in psoriatic patients. J Immunol Res 2016;2016:5380792.
35. Nadrowski P, Chudek J, Skrzypek M, et al. Associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and IL-6 and hsCRP levels in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2016;85:112-7.
36. Taheri S, Baradaran A, Aliakbarian M, et al. Level of inflammatory factors in chronic hemodialysis patients with and without cardiovascular disease. J Res Med Sci 2017;22:47.
37. Weinstein G, Lutski M, Goldbourt U, et al. C-reactive protein is related to future cognitive impairment and decline in elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017;69:31-7.
38. Towfighi A, Cheng EM, Ayala-Rivera M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a coordinated care intervention to improve risk factor control after stroke or transient ischemic attack in the safety net: secondary stroke prevention by uniting community and chronic care model teams early to end disparities (SUCCEED). BMC Neurol 2017;17:24.
39. Mancinella A, Mancinella M, Carpinteri G, et al. Is there a relationship between high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and dementia? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009;49:185-94.
40. Cho YM, Choi IS, Bian RX, et al. Serum albumin at admission for prediction of functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Neurol Sci 2008;29:445-9.