Emre GUNAKAN, Asli AZAMİ, Yusuf Aytac TOHMAA, Sertac ESİNA

Nomogram of corpus callosum length and thickness in Turkish population

Objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) malformations constitute an important part of congenital anomalies and corpus callosum anomalies are highly associated with other CNS abnormalities. Starting from this point of view we conducted a retrospective study providing reliable reference charts for accurate fetal corpus callosum measurements. Materials and Methods: The corpus callosum length (CCL) and thickness (CCT) were measured in the midsagittal plane. The CCL was measured from the most anterior part of the genu to the most posterior part of the splenium (outer-outer), the thickness of the body was measured as well. Results: Study included 1152 patients. 95.6% of the detailed ultrasonographies were performed between 19-21 gestational weeks and 611(63.0%) were performed at 20th gestational week. The mean values of the CCL and CCT measurements were from 16.9 mm to 25.5 mm and from 1.3 mm to 2.0 mm, respectively with increasing gestational weeks. Third percentile for CCL was 14.6 mm, 16.2 mm and 17.9 mm for 19th, 20th and 21th gestational weeks, respectively and median CCL values were 17.7mm, 19.5 mm and 21.7 mm for 19th, 20th and 21th gestational weeks respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that defining and using corpus callosum length and thickness charts characteristic for our population may improve diagnostic accuracy of corpus callosum presence and structure. Objective measurements of CC may help to identify developmental anomalies of CNS and enable better prenatal counseling.

PDF

___

1. Sotiriadis A, Hernandez-Andrade E, da Silva Costa F, Ghi T, Glanc P, Khalil A, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in screening for and follow-up of pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;53(1):7-22.
2. Jeret JS, Serur D, Wisniewski K, Fisch C. Frequency of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the developmentally disabled population as determined by computerized tomography. Pediatr Neurosci. 1985;12(2):101-3.
3. Mangione R, Fries N, Godard P, Capron C, Mirlesse V, Lacombe D, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome following prenatal diagnosis of an isolated anomaly of the corpus callosum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37(3):290-5.
4. Manganaro L, Bernardo S, De Vito C, Antonelli A, Marchionni E, Vinci V, et al. Role of fetal MRI in the evaluation of isolated and non-isolated corpus callosum dysgenesis: results of a crosssectional study. Prenat Diagn. 2017;37(3):244-52.
5. Jarre A, Llorens Salvador R, Montoliu Fornas G, Montoya Filardi A. Value of brain MRI when sonography raises suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum in fetuses. Radiologia. 2017;59(3):226-31.
6. Volpe P, Paladini D, Resta M, Stanziano A, Salvatore M, Quarantelli M, et al. Characteristics, associations and outcome of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;27(5):509-16.
7. Margariti PN, Blekas K, Katzioti FG, Zikou AK, Tzoufi M, Argyropoulou MI. Magnetization transfer ratio and volumetric analysis of the brain in macrocephalic patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(2):433-8.
8. Wegiel J, Kuchna I, Nowicki K, Imaki H, Wegiel J, Marchi E, et al. The neuropathology of autism: defects of neurogenesis and neuronal migration, and dysplastic changes. Acta Neuropathol. 2010;119(6):755-70.
9. Achiron R, Achiron A. Development of the human fetal corpus callosum: a high-resolution, cross-sectional sonographic study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18(4):343-7.
10. Pilu G, Sandri F, Perolo A, Pittalis MC, Grisolia G, Cocchi G, et al. Sonography of fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum: a survey of 35 cases. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993;3(5):318-29.
11. Malinger G, Zakut H. The corpus callosum: normal fetal development as shown by transvaginal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;161(5):1041-3.
12. Rakic P, Yakovlev PI. Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. J Comp Neurol. 1968;132(1):45-72.
13. Barkovich AJ, Norman D. Anomalies of the corpus callosum: correlation with further anomalies of the brain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;151(1):171-9.
14. Lieb JM, Ahlhelm FJ. [Agenesis of the corpus callosum]. Radiologe. 2018;58(7):636-45.
15. Schell-Apacik CC, Wagner K, Bihler M, Ertl-Wagner B, Heinrich U, Klopocki E, et al. Agenesis and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum: clinical, genetic and neuroimaging findings in a series of 41 patients. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146a(19):2501-11.
16. 16.Cignini P, Padula F, Giorlandino M, Brutti P, Alfo M, Giannarelli D, et al. Reference charts for fetal corpus callosum length: a prospective cross-sectional study of 2950 fetuses. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2014;33(6):1065-78.
17. Zhang HC, Yang J, Chen ZP, Ma XY. Sonographic study of the development of fetal corpus callosum in a Chinese population. J Clin Ultrasound. 2009;37(2):75-7.
18. Alemdaroglu S, Yılmaz Baran S, Dogan Durdag G, Yüksel Simsek S, Çoban Serbetçioglu G, Kalaycı H. Nomogram for second trimester corpus callosum measurements: are nomograms reliable? Perinatal Journal 2020;28(3):196–201.
19. Alemdaroglu S, Yılmaz Baran S, Dogan Durdag G, Yüksel Simsek S, Çoban Serbetçioglu G, Kalaycı H. Nomogram for second trimester corpus callosum measurements: are nomograms reliable? Perinatal Journal 2020;28(3):196–201.