Dian Jamel SALIH, Sayran Kamal M. SALIH, Chiman Saleem RASOOL, Asaad A. ALASADY, Rawa Muhammed ABDO

Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells in cigarette and waterpipe smokers in Duhok, Iraq

Aim: Smoking and Hookah is widespread in Western countries and in the United States. The goal of this study was to compare the genotoxic/mutagenic effects of cigarettes and hookahs in oral mucosa cells using the micronucleus biomarker to see if there was a difference between the two types of fumes. Materials and Methods: In the current study, 75 people were chosen at random from various parts of Duhok, Iraq. They were divided into three groups (25 participants for each group): a control group, a group of cigarette users only, and a group of narghile users only. The total number of micronuclei per 1,000 cells per subject was compared under light microscope. Results: According to the findings, the groups with the highest frequency of micronucleus were those who only used hookah (10.2±9), followed by cigarette users (8.3±4) and nonsmoker participant (2.5 ±7). Hookah use was found to be more genotoxic than tobacco consumption. Conclusion: Cigarette and Hookah smoking had a significantly greater cytotoxic effect on buccal mucosa cells than nonsmokers. Increasing the duration of smoking could increase the frequency of micronucleus.

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