Ayse Serap KARADAG, Göknur Özaydın YAVUZ, Serpil OGUZTUZUN, Serap GÜNEŞ BİLGİLİ, Remzi ERTEN, İbrahim Halil YAVUZ

Evaluation of tissue levels of glutathione S-transferases (GST) isoenzymes in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus

Aim: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) has a multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetic and environmental triggers and congenital and acquired immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) isoenzymes including GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 in the CLE patients with an etiology of solar radiation exposure.Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded skin biopsy sections from the patients were stained by immunohistochemical methods. The results were evaluated under a light microscope by a pathologist. The pattern, localization, and distribution of the immunohistochemical staining were recorded for each patient. Staining of the nucleus or cytoplasm was considered as positive staining. The accuracy of staining was determined based on the intensity and percentage of staining.Results: No significant difference was found between the patient and control groups regarding staining intensity. In terms of staining percentage, the prevalence of GSTP1-3 genotype was significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group (25% vs. 63.33%) (p=0.002).Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in the staining intensity of GSTP1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 between the patient and control groups and the staining percentage in some genotypes was even higher in the control group compared to the patient group.

PDF

___

1. Rothfield N, Sontheimer RD, Bernstein M. Lupus erythematosus: systemic and cutaneous manifestations. Clin Dermatol 2006;24:348-62.
2. Ribero S, Sciascia S, Borradori L, et al. The Cutaneous spectrum of lupus erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017;53:291-305.
3. Kim A, Chong BF. Photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29:4-11.
4. Hejazi EZ, Werth VP. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2016;17:135-46.
5. Yu C, Chang C, Zhang J. Immunologic and genetic considerations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2013;41:34-45.
6. Basel H, Kavak S, Demir H, et al. Effect of levosimendan injection on oxidative stress of rat myocardium. Toxicol Ind Health 2013;29:435-40.
7. Rushmore TH, Pickett CB. Glutathione S-transferases, structure, regulation, and therapeutic implications. J Biol Chem 1993;268:11475-8.
8. Board PG, Coggan M, Chelvanayagam G, et al. Identification, characterization, and crystal structure of the omega class glutathione transferases. J Biol Chem 2000;275:24798-806.
9. Seo KI, Cho KH, Park KC, et al. Change of glutathione S-transferases in the skin by ultraviolet B irradiation. J Dermatol Sci 1996;13:153-60.
10. Cho HR, Uhm YK, Kim HJ, et al. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism is associated with atopic dermatitis susceptibility in a Korean population. Int J Immunogenet. 2011;38:145-50.
11. Tursen U, Tamer L, Eskandari G, et al. Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in patients with Behçet’s disease. Arch Dermatol Res 2004;296:185-7.
12. Solak B, Karkucak M, Turan H, et al. Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic Plaque-Type Psoriasis: A Case-Control Study. Med Princ Pract 2016;25:155-8.
13. Henderson CJ, Smith AG, Ure J, et al. Increased skin tumorigenesis in mice lacking pi class glutathione S-transferases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:5275-80.
14. Millard TP, Fryer AA, McGregor JM. A protective effect of glutathione-S-transferase GSTP1*Val (105) against polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1901-5.
15. Guarneri F, Asmundo A, Sapienza D, et ai. Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1: susceptibility to solar keratoses in an Italian population. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010;35:771-5.
16. Aly DG, Salem SA, Amr KS, et al. A study of the association of glutathione S-transferase M1/T1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to vitiligo in Egyptian patients. An Bras Dermatol 2018;93:54-8.
17. Kang TY, El-Sohemy A, Comelis MC, et al. Glutathione S-transferase genotype and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Koreans. Lupus 2005;14:381-4.
18. Audemard-Verger A, Martin Silva N, Verstuyft C, et al. Glutathione s transferases polymorphisms are independent prognostic factors in lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide. PLoS One 2016;11:1-9.