Meltem Mert Eren, Hüseyin Servi, Günçe Ozan, Benin Dikmen, Cansu Vatansever, Hulki Caner Yeğin

Antimicrobial activity of sapindus mukorossi andsaponaria officinalis extracts on streptococcus mutansand enterococcus faecalis

Aim: Studies on the antimicrobial effectiveness of saponins against oral pathogens are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed toevaluate the antimicrobial activity of saponins from three different extracts of Sapindus mukorossi and Saponaria officinalis plantsagainst Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods: The fruit of Sapindus mukorossi and the root of Saponaria officinalis materials were sliced into small piecesand macerated with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH), in this order. The antimicrobial activity of the extractsagainst Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis was determined by the broth microdilution method based on the minimuminhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each extract. Results: Except for the hexane extract of Saponaria Officinalis, all extracts of both plants had an inhibitory activity against thetested microorganisms. Higher MIC values were obtained against Enterococcus faecalis than Streptococcus Mutans. The lowestMIC values for both Sapindus mukorossi and Saponaria officinalis were against Streptococcus mutans (4 mg/ml).Conclusion: Saponins extracted from Sapindus mukorossi and Saponaria officinalis have a potential antibacterial activity againstoral pathogens. They may be used as an ingredient in dental agents.

PDF

___

1. Balakrishnan M, Simmonds RS, Tagg JR. Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease. Aust Dent J 2000;45:235-45.
2. Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986;50:353-80.
3. Nakajo K, Komori R, Ishikawa S, et al. Resistance to acidic and alkaline environments in the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2006;21:283-88.
4. Łukomska-Szymańska M, Zarzycka B, Grzegorczyk J, Półtorak K, Sokołowski J, Łapińska B. Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis as crucial pathogens of the oral cavity. Dental Forum 2016;2:47- 52.
5. Kamboj VP. Herbal medicine. Current Sci 2000;78:35- 39.
6. Sengul M, Ercisli S, Yildiz H, et al. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Total Phenolic Content within the Aerial Parts of Artemisia absinthum, Artemisia santonicum and Saponaria officinalis. Iran J Pharm Res 2011;10:49-56.
7. Nabinejad A. Antibacterial effects of Saponaria officinalis extracts against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Afr J Agric Res 2013;8:2068- 71.
8. Wei M, Wu H, Xie Y, et al. In vitro anti-microorganism activity and detergency of Sapindus mukorossi extract based on surfactive nature. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017;80:1-9.
9. Mahar KS, Rana TS, Ranade SA. Molecular analyses of genetic variability in soap nut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.). Ind Crops Prod 2011;34:1111-8.
10. Sadowska B, Budzyńska A, Więckowska-Szakiel M, et al. New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 2014;63:1076-86.
11. Aneja KR, Joshi R, Chetan S. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Emblica officinalis against dental caries pathogens. Ethnobot Leaflets 2010;14:402-12.
12. Singh R, Kumari N, Nath G. Original Research Article Free radicals scavenging activity and antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against clinical pathogen. Int J Phytomed 2016;8:22-8.
13. Jyothi KS, Seshagiri M. In-Vitro Activity of Saponins of Bauhinia Purpurea, Madhuca Longifolia, Celastrus Paniculatus and Semecarpus Anacardium on Selected Oral Pathogens. J Dent (Tehran) 2012;9:216-23.
14. Budan A, Bellenot D, Freuze I, et al. Potential of extracts from Saponaria officinalis and Calendula officinalis to modulate in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to their content in saponins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014;78:288-95.
15. Andrews JM. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:5- 16.
16. Deshpande S, Kadam D. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica against Streptococcus mutans. Phytochem Anal 2013;5:236- 8.
17. Ajagannanavar SL, Battur H, Shamarao S, et al. Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6:29-34.
18. Soekanto SA, Marpaung LJ, Himmatushohwah AD, et al. Efficacy of propolis fluoride and nano silver fluoride for inhibition of streptococcus mutans and enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. Int J Appl Pharm 2017;9:51-4