Bisfenol A: Maruziyeti, Metabolizması ve Toksik Etkileri
Gıda paketlerinde, konservelerde, kişisel bakım ürünlerinde, diş malzemelerinde ve günlük hayatta kullandığımız pek çok üründe bulunan Bisfenol A BPA gibi ksenobiyotikler, insan sağlığı için büyük tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda bu sentetik polimer üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, BPA maruziyetinin üreme sistemi, hormonal denge, pubertal gelişim üzerindeki yıkıcı etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Bu derlemede BPA maruziyetinin etki mekanizması ve insan vücudunda yarattığı tahribat üzerine yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiş olup, günlük hayattaki BPA maruziyeti hakkında farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır
Bisphenol A: Exposure Routes, Metabolism and Toxicity
Many products that we use in daily life such as packaged or canned foods, personal care products, dental materials contain Bisphenol A BPA as a xenobiotic which is one of the major threat to human health. In recent years, the studies on these synthetic polymers search for the devastating effects of the BPA exposure on reproductive system, hormon balance, pubertal development. In the present review, we summarized the relevant literature about the action mechanism of BPA exposure and its destroying effects on human body. Furthermore we aimed to raise awareness about BPA exposure in daily life
___
- 1. Mishra VN. Xenoestrogens: The Curse of
Civilization. Medicine Update 2013; 23: 1e.
- 2. Michalowicz J. Bisphenol A – Sources, toxicity
and biotransformation. Environ Toxicol
Pharmacol 2014; 37: 738–58.
- 3. Careghini A, Mastorgio AF, Saponaro S,Sezenna
E. Bisphenol a, nonylphenols, benzophenones,
and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface
water, sediments, and food: a review. Environ Sci
Pollut Res 2015; 22: 5711–41.
- 4. Akyuz S, Yarat A, Egil E. Bisfenol-A İcerikli
Dental Materyallere Güncel Yaklaşım. MUSBED
2011; 1(3): 190-5.
- 5. Quitmeyer A, Roberts R. Babies, Bottles, and
Bisphenol A: The Story of a Scientist-Mother.
PLoS Biol 2007; 5(7): e200.
- 6. Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and phthalate
endocrine disruption of parental and social
behaviors. Front Neurosci 2015; 9: 57.
- 7. Wadia PR, Cabaton NJ, Borrero MD, Rubin BS,
Sonnenschein C. Low-Dose BPA Exposure Alters the Mesenchymal and Epithelial Transcriptomes
of the Mouse Fetal Mammary Gland. PLOS ONE
2013; 8(5): e63902.
- 8. Larsson K, Björklund KL, Palm B, Wennberg
M, Kaj L, Lindh H, Jönsson Bo AG, Berglund M.
Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens,
bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and
their children. Environ Int 2014; 73: 323–33.
- 9. Gao X, Wang HS. Impact of bisphenol a on the
cardiovascular system - epidemiological and
experimental evidence and molecular
mechanisms. Int J Environ Res Public
Health 2014; 11(8): 8399-413.
- 10. Kharrazian D. The Potential Roles of Bisphenol A
(BPA) Pathogenesis in Autoimmunity. Hindawi
Publishing Corporation Autoimmune Diseases
2014; Article ID 743616.
- 11. Cespedes R, Lacorte S, Raldua D, Ginebreda A,
Barcelo D, Pina B. Distribution of endocrine
disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia,
NE Spain). Chemosphere 2005; 61: 1710-19.
- 12. Hoekstra EJ, Simoneau C. Release of Bisphenol A
from Polycarbonate-A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr 2013; 53: 386–402.
- 13. World Health Organization, Bisphenol A- Current
State of Knowledge and Future Actions by WHO
and FAO. INFOSAN 2009; 5.
- 14. Durmaz E, Giray BK. Çevresel bir endokrin
bozucu: Bisfenol A ve toksik etkilerinin
değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Dergisi 2013; 56: 192-9.
- 15. Andersona DJ, Brozeka EM, Coxb KJ, Porucznik
CB, Wilkinsa DG. Biomonitoring method for
bisphenol A in human urine by ultrahighperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. Chromatogr B Analyt Technol
Biomed Life Sci 2014; 953: 53–61.
- 16. Bushnik T, Haines D, Levallois P, Levesque J,
Oostdam JV, Viau C. Lead and bisphenol A
concentrations in the Canadian population. Health
Reports 2010; 21: 3.
- 17. Lee HS, Parka EJ, Oha JH, Moona G, Hwanga
MS, Kima SY, Shina MK, Koha YH, Suha, JH,
Kanga HS, Jeon JH, Rheea GS, Hong JH.
Bisphenol A exerts estrogenic effects by
modulating CDK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase
activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78(8):
1371–5.
- 18. Rochester JR. Bisphenol A and human health: A
review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:
132– 55.
- 19. Izzotti A, Kanitz Z, D’Agostini F, Camoirano A,
De Flora S. Formation of adducts by bisphenol A,
an endocrine disruptor, in DNA in vitro and in
liver and mammary tissue of mice. Mutat
Res/Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2009; 679:
28-32.
- 20. Rezg R, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N, Mornagu B, Rezg
R. Bisphenol A and human chronic diseases:
Current evidences, possible mechanisms, and
future perspectives. Environ Int 2014; 64: 83–90.
- 21. Alonso-Magdalena P, Ropero AB, Soriano S,
García-Arévalo M, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Quesada
I, Nadal A. Bisphenol-A acts as a potent estrogen
via non-classical estrogen triggered pathways.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355: 201–7.
- 22. Marmugi A, Lasserre F, Beuzelin D, Ducheix S,
Huc L, Polizzi A, Chetivaux M, Pineau T, Martin
P, Guillou H, Mselli-Lakhal L. Toxicology 2014;
325: 133–43.
- 23. Bodin J, Bolling AK, Samuelsen M, Becher R,
Lovik M, Nygaard UC. Long-term bisphenol A
exposure accelerates insulitis development in
diabetes-prone NOD mice. Immunopharmacol
Immunotoxicol 2013; 35(3): 349–58.
- 24. LaKind JS, Goodman M, Mattison DR. Bisphenol
A and indicators of obesity, glucose
metabolism/type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease: A systematic review of epidemiologic
research. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44(2): 121–50.
- 25. vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Coe BL, Angle BM,
Taylor JA. The estrogenic endocrine disrupting
chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and obesity. Mol
Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354: 74–84.
- 26. Carwile JL, Michels KB. Urinary bisphenol A and
obesity: NHANES 2003–2006. Environ Res 2011;
111: 825–30.
- 27. Wisniewski P, Romano RM, Kizys MML,
Oliveira KC, Kasamatsu T, Giannocco G,
Chiamolera MI, Dias-da-Silva MR,Romano MA.
Adult exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in Wistar
rats reduces sperm quality with disruption of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis.
Toxicology 2015; 329: 1–9.
- 28. Gao H, Yang BJ, Li N, Feng LM, Shi XY, Zhao
WH, Liu SJ. Bisphenol A and HormoneAssociated Cancers: Curr Prog Perspect Med
2015; 94(1): e211.
- 29. Corbel T, Gayrard V, Viguie C, Puel S, Lacroix
MZ, Toutain PL, Picard-Hagen N. Bisphenol A
Disposition in the Sheep Maternal-Placental-Fetal
Unit: Mechanisms Determining Fetal Internal
Exposure. Biol Reprod 2013; 89(1): 1–9.
- 30. vom Saal FS, VandeVoort CA, Taylora JA,
Welshonsd WV, Toutaine PL, Hunt PA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) pharmacokinetics with daily
oral bolus orcontinuous exposure via silastic
capsules in pregnant rhesusmonkeys: Relevance
for human exposures. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:
105-16.
- 31. Matsumura Y, Moriya A, Sasaki-Mori M.
Bioremediation of Bisphenol A Polluted Soil by
Sphingomonas bisphenolicum AO1 and the
Microbial Community Exisiting in the Soil.
Biocontrol Sci 2015; 20(1): 35-42
- 32. Konieczna A, Rutkowska A, Rachon D. Health
Rısk of Exposure To Bısphenol A (Bpa). Rocz
Panstw Zakl Hig 2015; 66(1): 5-11.
- 33. Shin E, Choi H, Song H. Biodegradation of
endocrine-disrupting BPA by white rot
fungus Irpex lacteus. J Microbiol Biotechnol
2007; 17: 1147–51.
- 34. Bahandari RK, Deem SL, Holliday DK, Jandegian
CM, Kassotis CD, Nagel SC, Tillitt DE, vom Saal
FS, Rosenfeld CS. Effects of the environmental
estrogenic contaminants bisphenol A and 17a-ethinyl estradiol on sexual development and adult
behaviors in aquatic wildlife species. Gen Comp
Endocrinol 2015; 214: 195-219.
- 35. Lam SH, Hlaing MM, Zhang X, Yan C, Duan Z,
Zhu L, Ung CY, Mathavan S, Ong CN, Gong Z.
Toxicogenomic and phenotypic analyses of
bisphenol-A early-life exposure toxicity in
zebrafish. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e28273.
- 36. Shoemaker, CM, Crews D. Analyzing the
coordinated gene network underlying
temperature-dependent sex determination in
reptiles. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20: 293–303.